| species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
| BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
| Betula nana L. |
Betulaceae » |
Zwerg-Birke
|
| reference |
|
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
| Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
| Betula nana L. |
accepted |
|
| Life form » |
| Life form |
N (Nanophanerophyte) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life form |
S (Hemiphanerophyte) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life span » |
| Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Vegetative propagation » |
| Vegetative propagation |
a (Runner) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Shoot metamorphoses » |
| Shoot metamorphoses |
a (Runner) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Rosettes » |
| Rosettes |
r (Erosulate plant) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| special references:
|
| de Groot, W.J., Thomas, P.A., Wein, R.W. 1997: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Betula nana L. and Betula glandulosa Michx.. Journal of Ecology 85:241-264
|
| Söyrinki, N. 1939: Studien ber die generative und vegetative Vermehrung der Samenpflanzen in der alpinen Vegetation Petsamo-Lapplands. Ann. Bot. Soc. "Vanamo" 14:1-404
|
| Gelting, P. 1934: Studies on the vascular plants of East Greenland between Franz Joseph Fjord and Dove Bay (Lat. 73o15'-76o20'N). Medd. om Groenl. 101:1-337
|
| Kästner, A., Karrer, G. 1995: Übersicht der Wuchsformentypen als Grundlage für deren Erfassung in der "Flora von Österreich". Florae Austriacae Novit. 3:1-51
|
| Rauh, W. 1938: Über die Verzweigung ausläuferbildender Sträucher mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Beziehung zu den Stauden. Hercynia 1:187-231
|
|
| Flowering phenology » |
| Begin of flowering (months) |
4 |
| End of flowering (months) |
6 |
| Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
| Number of flowering phases |
0 |
| Symphenological Groups » |
| Phenological group |
0 (not available)
Phenological season: not available |
| Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
| Type of reproduction » |
| Type of reproduction |
vvs (mostly vegetatively, rarely by seed) |
| Reference |
de Groot, W.J., Thomas, P.A., Wein, R.W. 1997: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Betula nana L. and Betula glandulosa Michx.. Journal of Ecology 85:241-264 |
| Type of seed production » |
| Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
| Reference |
Bengt, J. (Hrsg.) 2000: Flora Nordica 1. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm |
| Dicliny » |
| Dicliny |
mo (monoecious) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dichogamy » |
| Dichogamy |
a1 (slightly protandrous) |
| Reference |
de Groot, W.J., Thomas, P.A., Wein, R.W. 1997: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Betula nana L. and Betula glandulosa Michx.. Journal of Ecology 85:241-264 |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
I+ (± self-incompatibel) |
| Reference |
de Groot, W.J., Thomas, P.A., Wein, R.W. 1997: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Betula nana L. and Betula glandulosa Michx.. Journal of Ecology 85:241-264 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| SI mechanism » |
| SI mechanism |
GSI (gametophytic self-incompatibility) |
| Reference |
de Nettancourt, D. 1977: Incompatibility in angiosperms. Springer, Berlin |
| Pollen vector » |
| Pollen vector |
wi (wind)
Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Breeding system » |
| Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
| Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: xenogam, da SI |
| Floral rewards » |
| Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Amount of floral reward |
1 (none) |
| Flower color » |
| Flower colour |
light brownish green |
| Basic flower colour |
gr (green) |
| Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
| Flower class after MUELLER » |
| Flower class after MUELLER |
W (wind flowers)
Typical pollinators: - |
| Flower type after KUGLER » |
| Flower type after KUGLER |
0 (not applicable) |
|
| Fruit type » |
| Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
| Diaspore type » |
| Diaspore type |
F (fruit) |
| Diaspore type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Germinule type » |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
always [1] |
| Development of elongated appendages |
|
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Weights » |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.1 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.2 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.3 |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.1 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.2 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.3 |
| Sizes » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.5 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
2.8 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.2 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
2.5 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
2.8 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
3.0 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.4 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.6 |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
| Constraint |
True |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.0 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
1.6 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
2.0 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
1.1 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.4 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.6 |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.5 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
2.8 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.2 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
2.5 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
2.8 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
3.0 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.4 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.6 |
| special references:
|
| Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
| Brzeziecki, B., Kienast, F. 1994: Classifying the life-history strategies of trees on the basis of the Grimian model. Forest Ecology and Management 69:167-187 (Gattung)
|
| Atkinson, M.D. 1992: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Betula pendula Roth. (Betula verrucosa Ehrh.) and Betula pubescens Ehrh.. Journal of Ecology 80:837-870 (Gattung)
|
| Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
| Berggren, G. 1981: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 3 (Salicaceae-Cruciferaceae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
|
| Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
| Müller, P. 1955: Verbreitungsbiologie (Diasporologie) der Blütenpflanzen. Veröffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes Rübel Zürich . Verlag Hans Huber, Bern. (Gattung)
|
| Peinado, M., Moreno, G. 1989: The genus Betula (Betulaceae) in the Sistema Central (Spain). Willdenowia 18:343-359 (Gattung)
|
|
| Habitat » |
| Habitat |
S1.3.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
|
| Class » |
| English circumscription |
02.3 (Vaccinium Oxycoccus - Sphagnum mires)
Class: Oxycocco-Sphagnetea
|
| English circumscription |
08.2 (Arctic-alpine wind-exposed heathlands)
Class: Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea
|
| English circumscription |
10.8 (Boreal-continental coniferous forests with dwarf scrubs)
Class: Vaccinio-Piceetea
|
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