| species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
| BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
| Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link |
Fabaceae » |
Besenginster
|
| reference |
|
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
| Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
| Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link |
accepted |
| Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) W. D. J. Koch |
Synonym |
| Spartium scoparium L. |
Basionym |
| >Cytisus scoparius subsp. maritimus (Rouy) Heywood |
accepted |
| >Sarothamnus scoparius subsp. maritimus (Rouy) Ulbr. |
Synonym |
| >Genista scoparia var. maritima Rouy |
Basionym |
| >Cytisus scoparius subsp. scoparius |
accepted |
| >Sarothamnus scoparius subsp. scoparius |
Synonym |
|
| Chromosome number » |
| Basic chromosome number |
23 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
46 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
| Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
| Basic chromosome number |
24 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
48 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
| Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
| DNA content » |
| DNA content (pg/2C) |
1.7 |
| Chromosome number |
48 |
| Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
| Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
| Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345 |
| DNA content (pg/2C) |
2.3 |
| Chromosome number |
48 |
| Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
| Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
False |
| Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345 |
|
| Flowering phenology » |
| Begin of flowering (months) |
5 |
| End of flowering (months) |
6 |
| Duration of flowering (months) |
2 |
| Number of flowering phases |
0 |
| Symphenological Groups » |
| Phenological group |
4 (Fagus-Lamiastrum-Phase)
Phenological season: start of mid spring |
| Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
| Type of reproduction » |
| Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
| Reference |
Peterson, D.J., Prasad, R. 1998: The biology of Canadian weeds. 109. Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78:497-504 |
| Type of seed production » |
| Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
| Reference |
Peterson, D.J., Prasad, R. 1998: The biology of Canadian weeds. 109. Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78:497-504 |
| Dicliny » |
| Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dichogamy » |
| Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SI (self-incompatibel) |
| Reference |
East, E.M. 1940: The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82:449-518 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| SI mechanism » |
| SI mechanism |
GSI (gametophytic self-incompatibility) |
| Reference |
de Nettancourt, D. 1977: Incompatibility in angiosperms. Springer, Berlin |
| Pollen vector » |
| Pollen vector |
se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
never [6] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector |
in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
the rule [2] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Breeding system » |
| Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
| Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb. |
| P/O ratio » |
| P/O ratio |
6538.0 |
| Reference |
Rodriguez-Riano, T., Ortega-Olivencia, A., Devesa, J.A. 1999: Biologia floral en Fabaceae. Ruizia, Monografias des Real Jardin Botanico, Madrid 16:1-176 |
| Floral rewards » |
| Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Amount of floral reward |
1 (none) |
| Floral rewards |
2 (pollen) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
| Flower color » |
| Flower colour |
light yellow |
| Basic flower colour |
g (yellow) |
| Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
| UV reflection of the flower » |
| UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
4 (28-39 %) |
| UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
| UV reflection pattern |
1 (UV reflectance pattern present) |
| Flower class after MUELLER » |
| Flower class after MUELLER |
H (hymenoptere flowers)
Typical pollinators: hymenopteres |
| Flower type after KUGLER » |
| Flower type after KUGLER |
6.1b (flag blossom, Fabaceae type, explosive mechanism) |
|
| Fruit type » |
| Fruit type |
Hü (legume) |
| Diaspore type » |
| Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
| Germinule type » |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Germinule type |
S (seed) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
always [1] |
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
|
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Weights » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
6.7 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
7.8 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
10.5 |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
6.7 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
7.8 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
10.5 |
| Sizes » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.9 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
3.6 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
4.0 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.6 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
2.4 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
3.6 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.1 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
1.4 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.7 |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.9 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
3.6 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
4.0 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.6 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
2.4 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
3.6 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.1 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
1.4 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.7 |
| special references:
|
| Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
| Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
|
| Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
|
| Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
| Bresinsky, A. 1963: Bau, Entwicklungsgeschichte und Inhaltsstoffe der Elaiosomen. Studien zur myrmekochoren Verbreitung von Samen und Früchten. Bibliotheca Botanica Vol. 126. (Gattung)
|
| Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
| Gonzalez-Andres, F., Ortiz, J.M. 1995: Seed morphology of Cytisophyllum, Cytisus, Chamaecytisus and Genista (Fabaceae: Genisteae) species for characterization. Seed Science and Technology 23:289-300 (Gattung)
|
| Lhotska, M., Chrtkova, A. 1978: Karpologie a diasporologie ceskoslovensk'ych zastupc u celedi Fabaceae. Academia, Praha (Gattung)
|
|
| Grassland utilization indicator values » |
| Occurrence |
GE (little used grasslands) |
| Guild |
Lh (woody legume) |
| Mowing tolerance |
1 (intolerant to mowing) |
| Grazing tolerance |
5 (moderately tolerant to grazing) |
| Trampling tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to trampling)) |
| Foraging value |
2 (no or little forage value) |
| Foraging value for deer |
|
|
| Habitat » |
| Habitat |
T1.1.2.3 (null)
Alliance: Carpinion betuli
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T2.1.2.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T4.4 (null)
Alliance: Sarothamnion
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T9.5.4 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
|
| Class » |
| English circumscription |
09.2 (Acidic deciduous bush communities)
Class: Franguletea
|
| English circumscription |
09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs)
Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
|
| English circumscription |
10.3 (Birch-oak forests)
Class: Quercetea robori-petraeae
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