species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Dactylis glomerata L. s. str. |
Poaceae » |
Wiesen-Knäuelgras
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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|
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Dactylis glomerata L. |
accepted |
Dactylis glaucescens Willd. |
Synonym |
Phalaris glomerata (L.) Gueldenst. |
Synonym |
Dactylis glomerata subsp. glomerata , s. l. |
Synonym |
Festuca glomerata (L.) All. |
Synonym |
<Dactylis glomerata L., s. l. |
Synonym |
<Dactylis glomerata agg. |
accepted |
>Dactylis glomerata subsp. glomerata |
accepted |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
7 |
Chromosome number 2n |
28 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
4 (tetraploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Albers, F. 1998: Chromosomenzahlen der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. In: Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. (Hrsg.) Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, S. 562-616, Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
7 |
Chromosome number 2n |
14 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
|
Reference |
Albers, F. 1998: Chromosomenzahlen der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. In: Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. (Hrsg.) Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, S. 562-616, Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
DNA content » |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
9.8 |
Chromosome number |
14 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
False |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1976: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 274:227-274 |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
6.6 |
Chromosome number |
14 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Leitch, I.J. 1997: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms - 583 new estimates. Annals of Botany 80:169-196 |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
12.4 |
Chromosome number |
14 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
False |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345 |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
8.7 |
Chromosome number |
14 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
False |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345 |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
8.8 |
Chromosome number |
14 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
False |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Leitch, I.J. 1997: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms - 583 new estimates. Annals of Botany 80:169-196 |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
11.2 |
Chromosome number |
14 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
False |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Leitch, I.J. 1997: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms - 583 new estimates. Annals of Botany 80:169-196 |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
h (Tuft) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Beddows, A.R. 1959: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Dactylis glomerata L.. Journal of Ecology 47:223-239
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Luff, M.L. 1965: The morphology and microclimate of Dactylis glomerata tussocks. Journal of Ecology 53:771-787
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Hensen, I. 1997: Life strategies of xerothermic grasslands - mechanisms of reproduction and colonization within Stipetum capillatae s.l. and Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati. Feddes Repertorium 108:425-452
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Elmqvist, T., Cox, A. 1996: The evolution of vivipary in flowering plants. Oikos 77:3-9
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Lukasiewicz, A. 1962: Morfologizno-rozwojowe typy bylin (Morphologic development types of perennials). The Poznan Soc. of Friends of Science. Dept. math. -nat. Sci. Publ. Ser. Biol. (Posen) 27:1-398
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Ebel, F., Mühlberg, H. 1987: Vergleichend-ökomorphologische Untersuchungen an Pflanzen-Taxa eines Trocken- und Feuchtbiotops. Hercynia N. F. 24:408-424
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Wilhalm, T. 1995: A comparative study of clonal fragmentation in tussock-forming grasses. Abstr. Bot. 19:51-60
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Briemle, G., Schreiber, K.F. 1994: Zur Frage der Beeinflussung pflanzlicher Lebens- und Wuchsformen durch unterschiedliche Landschaftspflegemaßnahmen. Tuexenia 14:229-244
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Mühlberg, H. 1967: Die Wuchstypen mitteleuropäischer Poaceen. Hercynia N. F. 4:11-50
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Raunkiaer, C. 1934: The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford
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Bell, A.D. 1994: Illustrierte Morphologie der Blütenpflanzen. Ulmer, Stuttgart
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Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
5 |
End of flowering (months) |
7 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
6 (Cornus sanguinea-Melica uniflora-Phase) Phenological season: start of early summer |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
ssv (mostly by seed, rarely vegetatively) |
Reference |
Beddows, A.R. 1959: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Dactylis glomerata L.. Journal of Ecology 47:223-239 |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Beddows, A.R. 1959: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Dactylis glomerata L.. Journal of Ecology 47:223-239 |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Connor, H.E. 1979: Breeding system in the grasses: a survey. New Zealand Journal of Botany 17:547-574 |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
g1 (slightly protogynous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
I+ (± self-incompatibel) |
Reference |
Lundqvist, A. 1969: Self-incompatibility in Dactylis glomerata L.. Hereditas 61:353-360 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
SI mechanism » |
SI mechanism |
GSI (gametophytic self-incompatibility) |
Reference |
de Nettancourt, D. 1977: Incompatibility in angiosperms. Springer, Berlin |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
wi (wind) Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Beddows, A.R. 1959: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Dactylis glomerata L.. Journal of Ecology 47:223-239 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
rare [4] |
Reference |
Beddows, A.R. 1959: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Dactylis glomerata L.. Journal of Ecology 47:223-239 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
Reference |
Lumaret, R., Guillerm, J.L., Maillet, J., Verlaque, R. 1997: Plant species diversity and polyploidy in islands of natural vegetation isolated in extensive cultivated lands. Biodiversity and Conservation 6:591-613 |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
W (wind flowers) Typical pollinators: - |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
0 (not applicable) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
sometimes [2] |
Development of additional appendages |
always [1] |
Weights » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.5 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.6 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.8 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.7 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
1.0 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
1.3 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.7 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
1.0 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
1.3 |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
2.8 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.3 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.8 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.9 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
4.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
6.0 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
8.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.2 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.6 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.1 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
4.0 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
6.0 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
8.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.2 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.6 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.1 |
special references:
|
Kaltofen, H., Schrader, A. 1991: Gräser. Biologie - Bestimmung - Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. DVL, Berlin (Gattung)
|
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
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Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
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Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
|
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
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Bakker, J.P., Bakker, E.S., Rosén, E., Verweij, G.L. 1997: The soil seed bank of undisturbed and disturbed dry limestone grassland on Öland (Sweden). Z. Ökologie Nat. sch. 6:9-18 (Gattung)
|
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
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Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
GW (commercial grasslands) |
Guild |
G (grass) |
Mowing tolerance |
8 (between 7 and 9 (well tolerant to very tolerant to mowing)) |
Grazing tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to grazing)) |
Trampling tolerance |
6 (between 5 and 7 (moderately tolerant to well tolerant to trampling)) |
Foraging value |
8 (between 7 and 9 (high to best forage value)) |
Foraging value for deer |
8 (between 7 and 9 (high to best forage value)) |
|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
L5.2.3 (null) Alliance: Alno-Ulmion p.p.
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T2.2.2 (null) Alliance: Atropion belladonnae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T6.2.2.2.3 (null) Alliance: Bromion erecti
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T7.1.2 (null) Alliance: Arrhenatherion
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T8.2.2 (null) Alliance: Artemisietea vulgaris
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
|
Class » |
English circumscription |
05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands) Class: Festuco-Brometea
|
English circumscription |
05.4 (Commercially used grasslands) Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
|
English circumscription |
05.5 (Communities of flooded and trampled grasslands) Class: Agrostietea stoloniferae
|
English circumscription |
06.5 (Eusiberian ruderal mugwort and thistles communities, and couch-grasslands) Class: Artemisietea vulgaris
|
English circumscription |
07.4 (Communities of clear-felled areas) Class: Epilobietea angustifolii
|
English circumscription |
07.5 (Nitrophilous tall herb communities) Class: Galio-Urticetea dioicae
|
English circumscription |
10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests) Class: Carpino-Fagetea
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