| species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
| BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
| Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. |
Poaceae » |
Gewöhnliche Hühnerhirse
|
| reference |
|
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
| Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
| Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. |
accepted |
| Panicum grossum Salisb. |
Synonym |
| Milium crus-galli (L.) Moench |
Synonym |
| Oplismenus crus-galli (L.) Dumort. |
Synonym |
| Panicum crus-galli L. |
Basionym |
|
| Chromosome number » |
| Basic chromosome number |
9 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
54 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
6 (hexaploid) |
| Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
| DNA content » |
| DNA content (pg/2C) |
2.7 |
| Chromosome number |
54 |
| Quality |
chromosome number missing in original source; the most common number was added [f] |
| Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
| Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345 |
|
| Life form » |
| Life form |
T (Therophyte) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life span » |
| Life span |
a (annual) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Rosettes » |
| Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| special references:
|
| Maun, M.A., Barrett, S.C.H. 1986: The biology of Canadian weeds. 77. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66:739-759
|
| Rahman, M., Ungar, J.A. 1994: The effect of competition and salinity on shoot growth and reproductive biomass of Echinochloa crus-galli. Aquatic Botany 48:343-353
|
| Norris, R.F. 1996: Morphological and phenological variation in Barnyadgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in California. Weed Science 44:804-814
|
| Mühlberg, H. 1967: Die Wuchstypen mitteleuropäischer Poaceen. Hercynia N. F. 4:11-50
|
|
| Flowering phenology » |
| Begin of flowering (months) |
7 |
| End of flowering (months) |
10 |
| Duration of flowering (months) |
4 |
| Number of flowering phases |
0 |
| Symphenological Groups » |
| Phenological group |
8 (Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum-Phase)
Phenological season: midsummer |
| Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
| Type of reproduction » |
| Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
| Reference |
Maun, M.A., Barrett, S.C.H. 1986: The biology of Canadian weeds. 77. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66:739-759 |
| Type of seed production » |
| Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
| Reference |
Asins, M.J., Carretero, J.L., delBusto, A., Carbonell, E.A., deBarreda, D.G. 1999: Morphologic and isozyme variation in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa) weed species. Weed Technology 13:209-215 |
| Dicliny » |
| Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Connor, H.E. 1979: Breeding system in the grasses: a survey. New Zealand Journal of Botany 17:547-574 |
| Dichogamy » |
| Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
| Reference |
Maun, M.A., Barrett, S.C.H. 1986: The biology of Canadian weeds. 77. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66:739-759 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector » |
| Pollen vector |
wi (wind)
Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung) |
| Abundance |
rare [4] |
| Reference |
Maun, M.A., Barrett, S.C.H. 1986: The biology of Canadian weeds. 77. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66:739-759 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector |
se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
the rule [2] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector |
kl (cleistogamy)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
the rule [2] |
| Reference |
Asins, M.J., Carretero, J.L., delBusto, A., Carbonell, E.A., deBarreda, D.G. 1999: Morphologic and isozyme variation in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa) weed species. Weed Technology 13:209-215 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Breeding system » |
| Breeding system |
AF (facultative autogamous) |
| Reference |
Maun, M.A., Barrett, S.C.H. 1986: The biology of Canadian weeds. 77. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 66:739-759 |
| Breeding system |
AO (autogamous) |
| Reference |
Asins, M.J., Carretero, J.L., delBusto, A., Carbonell, E.A., deBarreda, D.G. 1999: Morphologic and isozyme variation in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa) weed species. Weed Technology 13:209-215 |
| P/O ratio » |
| P/O ratio |
1267.0 |
| Reference |
Cruden, R.W. 1977: Pollen-ovule ratios: a conservative indicator of breeding systems in flowering plants. Evolution 31:32-46 |
| Flower class after MUELLER » |
| Flower class after MUELLER |
W (wind flowers)
Typical pollinators: - |
| Flower type after KUGLER » |
| Flower type after KUGLER |
0 (not applicable) |
|
| Fruit type » |
| Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
| Diaspore type » |
| Diaspore type |
TFSt (part of infructescence) |
| Germinule type » |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Germinule type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
sometimes [2] |
| Development of additional appendages |
always [1] |
| Weights » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
TFSt (part of infructescence) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
1.2 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
1.3 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
1.6 |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
TFSt (part of infructescence) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
1.2 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
1.3 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
1.6 |
| Sizes » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Constraint |
True |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.8 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
2.8 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.5 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.2 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
1.6 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
2.1 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.6 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.3 |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
TFSt (part of infructescence) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
9.0 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
15.7 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
23.0 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.4 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
1.8 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
2.5 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.1 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
1.4 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.8 |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
TFSt (part of infructescence) |
| Constraint |
True |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.0 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
3.6 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
5.0 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.4 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
1.8 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
2.5 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.1 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
1.4 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.8 |
| special references:
|
| Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
| Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
|
| Endtmann, K.J. 1976: Zur Determination und Verbreitung der "Hirse"-Arten (Panicum s.l.) im Norden der DDR. Gleditschia 4:75-81 (Gattung)
|
| Häfliger, T.J., Scholz, H. 1981: Grass weeds. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basel (Gattung)
|
| Kaltofen, H., Schrader, A. 1991: Gräser. Biologie - Bestimmung - Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. DVL, Berlin (Gattung)
|
| Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
|
|
| Habitat » |
| Habitat |
L3.6 (null)
Alliance: ? vgl. T10
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
Ufer |
| Habitat |
L4.4 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
L5.2.4 (null)
Alliance: Bidentetea tripartiti
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T8.1 (null)
Alliance: Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T9.1 (null)
Alliance: Violenea arvensis
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T9.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T9.3.2.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
|
| Class » |
| English circumscription |
06.2 (Bur-marigold and orache bank communities)
Class: Bidentetea tripartitae
|
| English circumscription |
06.4 (Annual ruderal communities)
Class: Sisymbrietea officinalis
|
| English circumscription |
06.6 (Chickweed and other field weed communities)
Class: Stellarietea mediae
|
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