| species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
| BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
| Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande |
Brassicaceae » |
Gewöhnliche Knoblauchsrauke
|
| reference |
|
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
| Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
| Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande |
accepted |
| Arabis petiolata M. Bieb. |
Basionym |
| Alliaria officinalis M. Bieb., nom. illeg. (Arabis petiolata pro syn.) |
Synonym |
| Erysimum alliaria L. |
Synonym |
|
| Chromosome number » |
| Basic chromosome number |
7 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
42 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
6 (hexaploid) |
| Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
| Basic chromosome number |
6 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
36 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
6 (hexaploid) |
| Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
| DNA content » |
| DNA content (pg/2C) |
3.9 |
| Chromosome number |
36 |
| Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
| Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
| Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1976: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 274:227-274 |
|
| Life form » |
| Life form |
C (Chamaephyte) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life span » |
| Life span |
a (annual) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Vegetative propagation » |
| Vegetative propagation |
ws (Root shoot) |
| Qualifier |
sometimes [2] |
| Root metamorphoses » |
| Root metamorphoses |
ws (Root shoot) |
| Qualifier |
sometimes [2] |
| Rosettes » |
| Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| special references:
|
| Cavers, P.B., Heagy, M.I., Kokron, R.F. 1979: The biology of Canadian weeds. 35. Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Carvara and Grande. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 59:217-229
|
| Holm, T. 1925: On the development of buds upon roots and leaves. Annals of Botany 39:867-881
|
| Beijerinck, M.W. 1887: Beobachtungen und Betrachtungen über Wurzelknospen und Nebenwurzeln. Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. , Afd. Natuurk. , Tweede Sect. 25:1-146
|
| Wittrock, V.B. 1884: Über Wurzelsprosse bei krautigen Gewächsen, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf ihre verschiedene biologische Bedeutung. Biol. Centralbl. 17:227-232
|
| Rauh, W. 1937: Die Bildung von Hypokotyl- und Wurzelsprossen und ihre Bedeutung für die Wuchsformen der Pflanzen. Nova Acta Leopold. N. F. 4:395-553
|
| Kästner, A., Karrer, G. 1995: Übersicht der Wuchsformentypen als Grundlage für deren Erfassung in der "Flora von Österreich". Florae Austriacae Novit. 3:1-51
|
| Raunkiaer, C. 1934: The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford
|
|
| Flowering phenology » |
| Begin of flowering (months) |
4 |
| End of flowering (months) |
6 |
| Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
| Number of flowering phases |
0 |
| Symphenological Groups » |
| Phenological group |
4 (Fagus-Lamiastrum-Phase)
Phenological season: start of mid spring |
| Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
| Type of reproduction » |
| Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
| Reference |
Cavers, P.B., Heagy, M.I., Kokron, R.F. 1979: The biology of Canadian weeds. 35. Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Carvara and Grande. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 59:217-229 |
| Type of seed production » |
| Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
| Reference |
Cruden, R.W., McClain, A.M., Shrivastava, G.P. 1996: Pollination biology and breeding system of Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae). Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 123:273-280 |
| Dicliny » |
| Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dichogamy » |
| Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
| Reference |
Bateman, A.J. 1955: Self-incompatibility systems in angiosperms. III. Cruciferae. Heredity 9:53-68 |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
| Reference |
Cavers, P.B., Heagy, M.I., Kokron, R.F. 1979: The biology of Canadian weeds. 35. Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Carvara and Grande. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 59:217-229 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector » |
| Pollen vector |
se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
the rule [2] |
| Reference |
Cavers, P.B., Heagy, M.I., Kokron, R.F. 1979: The biology of Canadian weeds. 35. Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Carvara and Grande. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 59:217-229 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector |
in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
rare [4] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Breeding system » |
| Breeding system |
AF (facultative autogamous) |
| Reference |
Cruden, R.W., McClain, A.M., Shrivastava, G.P. 1996: Pollination biology and breeding system of Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae). Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 123:273-280 |
| Floral rewards » |
| Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
| Flower color » |
| Flower colour |
white |
| Basic flower colour |
w (white) |
| Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
| UV reflection of the flower » |
| UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
| UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
| UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
| Flower class after MUELLER » |
| Flower class after MUELLER |
AB (flowers with partly hidden nectar)
Typical pollinators: syrphids, bees |
| Flower type after KUGLER » |
| Flower type after KUGLER |
1.2bb (disk flowers with nectar ± hidden nectaries at base of stamens) |
|
| Fruit type » |
| Fruit type |
Sch (siliqua) |
| Diaspore type » |
| Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
| Germinule type » |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Germinule type |
S (seed) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
|
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Weights » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
1.9 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
2.3 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
3.5 |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
1.9 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
2.3 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
3.5 |
| Sizes » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.4 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
3.3 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
4.2 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.9 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
1.1 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.9 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
1.1 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.4 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
3.3 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
4.2 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.9 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
1.1 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.9 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
1.1 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
| special references:
|
| Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
| Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
|
| Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
| Briemle, G. 1996: Farbatlas Kräuter und Gräser. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Gattung)
|
| Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
| Berggren, G. 1981: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 3 (Salicaceae-Cruciferaceae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
|
| Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
|
|
| Habitat » |
| Habitat |
L5.2 (null)
Alliance: Salicion albae
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T1.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T1.3 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T2.2 (null)
Alliance: Epilobietea angustifolii
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
|
| Class » |
| English circumscription |
07.5 (Nitrophilous tall herb communities)
Class: Galio-Urticetea dioicae
|
| English circumscription |
09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs)
Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
|
| English circumscription |
10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests)
Class: Carpino-Fagetea
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