species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Euphorbia esula L. s. str. |
Euphorbiaceae » |
Esels-Wolfsmilch
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Euphorbia esula L. |
accepted |
Euphorbia esula subsp. pinifolia (Lam.) P. Fourn. |
Synonym |
Euphorbia pinifolia Lam. |
Synonym |
Euphorbia esula subsp. esula , s. l. |
Synonym |
Euphorbia esula subsp. esula , s. str. |
Synonym |
<Euphorbia esula agg. |
accepted |
<Euphorbia esula L., s. l. |
Synonym |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
60 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
8 (octoploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
64 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
8 (octoploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
G (Geophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Vegetative propagation » |
Vegetative propagation |
rp (Rhizome-like pleiocorm) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Vegetative propagation |
ws (Root shoot) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
rp (Rhizome-like pleiocorm) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Shoot metamorphoses » |
Shoot metamorphoses |
rp (Rhizome-like pleiocorm) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Root metamorphoses » |
Root metamorphoses |
ws (Root shoot) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
r (Erosulate plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Best, K.F., Bowes, G.G., Thomas, A.G., Maw, M.G. 1980: The biology of Canadian weeds. 39. Euphorbia esula L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 60:651-663
|
Meusel, H. 1952: Über Wuchsform, Verbreitung und Phylogenie einiger mediterran mitteleuropäischer Angiospermen-Gattungen. Flora 139:333-393
|
McIntyre, G. 1979: Developmental studies in Euphorbia esula. Evidence of competition for water as a factor in the mechanism of root bud inhibition. Canadian Journal of Botany 57:2572-2581
|
McIntyre, G. 1972: Developmental studies in Euphorbia esula. The influence of the nitrogen supply on the correlative inhibition of root bud activity. Canadian Journal of Botany 50:949-956
|
Raju, M.V., Coupland, R.T., Steeves, T.A. 1966: On the occurrence of root buds on perennial plants in Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Botany 44:33-37
|
Beijerinck, M.W. 1887: Beobachtungen und Betrachtungen über Wurzelknospen und Nebenwurzeln. Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. , Afd. Natuurk. , Tweede Sect. 25:1-146
|
Wittrock, V.B. 1884: Über Wurzelsprosse bei krautigen Gewächsen, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf ihre verschiedene biologische Bedeutung. Biol. Centralbl. 17:227-232
|
Rauh, W. 1937: Die Bildung von Hypokotyl- und Wurzelsprossen und ihre Bedeutung für die Wuchsformen der Pflanzen. Nova Acta Leopold. N. F. 4:395-553
|
Raju, M.V., Steeves, T.A., Coupland, R.T. 1964: On the regeneration of root fragments of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). Weed Research 4:2-11
|
Hanelt, P. 1955: Wuchsformstudien in der Gattung Euphorbia L.. Dipl.-Arb. Univ. Halle
|
|
Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
5 |
End of flowering (months) |
7 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
0 (not available) Phenological season: not available |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
sv (by seed and vegetatively) |
Reference |
Best, K.F., Bowes, G.G., Thomas, A.G., Maw, M.G. 1980: The biology of Canadian weeds. 39. Euphorbia esula L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 60:651-663 |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
f (facultativ apomictic) |
Reference |
Selbo, S.M., Carmichael, J.S. 1999: Reproductive biology of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.): breeding system analysis. Canadian Journal of Botany 77:1684-1688 |
Type of apomixis » |
Type of apomixis |
p (pseudogamous) |
Reference |
Selbo, S.M., Carmichael, J.S. 1999: Reproductive biology of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.): breeding system analysis. Canadian Journal of Botany 77:1684-1688 |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
g3 (pronounced protogynous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
Reference |
Selbo, S.M., Carmichael, J.S. 1999: Reproductive biology of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.): breeding system analysis. Canadian Journal of Botany 77:1684-1688 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
SI mechanism » |
SI mechanism |
ID (inbreeding depression) |
Reference |
Selbo, S.M., Carmichael, J.S. 1999: Reproductive biology of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.): breeding system analysis. Canadian Journal of Botany 77:1684-1688 |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
at failure of outcrossing [7] |
Reference |
Haber, E. 1997: Invasive Exotic Plants of Canada Fact Sheet No. 9. Leafy Spurge. http://infoweb.magi.com/~ehaber/factsprg.html |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
AFXF (mixed mating) |
Reference |
Haber, E. 1997: Invasive Exotic Plants of Canada Fact Sheet No. 9. Leafy Spurge. http://infoweb.magi.com/~ehaber/factsprg.html |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
Floral rewards |
2 (pollen) |
Reference |
Haber, E. 1997: Invasive Exotic Plants of Canada Fact Sheet No. 9. Leafy Spurge. http://infoweb.magi.com/~ehaber/factsprg.html |
Amount of floral reward |
4 (plenty) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
green to yellowish |
Basic flower colour |
gr (green) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
A (flowers with open nectar) Typical pollinators: beetles, flies, syrphids, wasps, medium tongued bees |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
1.2a (disk flowers with nectar open) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Ka (capsule) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
S (seed) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
always [1] |
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Weights » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
True |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
Weight (mean) [mg] |
1.6 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.8 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
2.1 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
2.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.4 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.6 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.8 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.3 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.4 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.8 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
2.1 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
2.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.4 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.6 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.8 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.3 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.4 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
special references:
|
Müller-Schneider, P. 1986: Verbreitungsbiologie der Blütenpflanzen Graubündens. Veröffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes der ETH, Stiftung Rübel, Zürich 85:1-261 (Gattung)
|
Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
|
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
Bresinsky, A. 1963: Bau, Entwicklungsgeschichte und Inhaltsstoffe der Elaiosomen. Studien zur myrmekochoren Verbreitung von Samen und Früchten. Bibliotheca Botanica Vol. 126. (Gattung)
|
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
|
Ehler, N. 1976: Mikromorphologie der Samenoberflächen der Gattung Euphorbia. Plant Systematics and Evolution 126:189-207 (Gattung)
|
Heubl, G.R., Wanner, G. 1996: Samenmorphologische Studien in der Gattung Euphorbia L.. Berichte der Bayerischen Botanischen Gesellscahft 66/67:7-25 (Gattung)
|
Lisci, M., Bianchini, M., Pacini, E. 1996: Structure and function of the elaiosome in some angiosperm species. Flora 191:141 (Gattung)
|
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
|
Serwatka, J. 1972: Seed morphology and anatomy of the European species of the genus Euphorbia L.. Monographiae Botanicae 37:3-33 (Gattung)
|
Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
|
|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
T10.3.1.3 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T6.2.2.2.2 (null) Alliance: Koelerio-Phleion phleoides
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T7.4.1 (null) Alliance: Lolio-Potentillion
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T8.2.2.5 (null) Alliance: Onopordion acanthii
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
|
Class » |
English circumscription |
05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands) Class: Festuco-Brometea
|
English circumscription |
05.4 (Commercially used grasslands) Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
|
English circumscription |
05.5 (Communities of flooded and trampled grasslands) Class: Agrostietea stoloniferae
|
English circumscription |
06.5 (Eusiberian ruderal mugwort and thistles communities, and couch-grasslands) Class: Artemisietea vulgaris
|
English circumscription |
07.5 (Nitrophilous tall herb communities) Class: Galio-Urticetea dioicae
|
|
|
|
Display of complete information for the selected species. Only traits available for the selected species are displayed.
|