BiolFlor search system

search and information system
on vascular plants in Germany

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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name	family	german name(s)
Alopecurus geniculatus L.	Poaceae »	Knick-Fuchsschwanzgras
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »

Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Alopecurus geniculatus L.	accepted

group of traits: Status »

Floristic status »
Floristic status	I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin	n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin	0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism	0 (not specified)
Reference	unbekannt

group of traits: Chromosome number »

Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number	7
Chromosome number 2n	28
Chromosome number (Germany)	True
Most common chromosome race	False
Ploidy level	4 (tetraploid)
Ploidy type	P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference	Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart

group of traits: DNA content »

DNA content »
DNA content (pg/2C)	14.2
Chromosome number	28
Quality	chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001	False
Reference	Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London
DNA content (pg/2C)	14.9
Chromosome number	28
Quality	chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001	True
Reference	Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345

group of traits: Phylogeny »

Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code	BBBBBABBBBAAABBAAAAAAAABBAAB

group of traits: Morphology »

Life form »
Life form	H (Hemicryptophyte)
Qualifier	always [1]
Life form	T (Therophyte)
Qualifier	always [1]
Life span »
Life span	a (annual)
Qualifier	always [1]
Life span	p (pluriennial-pollakanthic)
Qualifier	always [1]
Vegetative propagation »
Vegetative propagation	a (Runner)
Qualifier	sometimes [2]
Vegetative propagation	rh (Rhizome)
Qualifier	always [1]
Vegetative propagation	sk (Shoot tuber)
Qualifier	sometimes [2]
Storage organs »
Storage organs	a (Runner)
Qualifier	sometimes [2]
Storage organs	rh (Rhizome)
Qualifier	always [1]
Storage organs	sk (Shoot tuber)
Qualifier	sometimes [2]
Shoot metamorphoses »
Shoot metamorphoses	a (Runner)
Qualifier	sometimes [2]
Shoot metamorphoses	rh (Rhizome)
Qualifier	always [1]
Shoot metamorphoses	sk (Shoot tuber)
Qualifier	sometimes [2]
Rosettes »
Rosettes	h (Hemirosette plant)
Qualifier	always [1]
special references:
Mühlberg, H. 1967: Die Wuchstypen mitteleuropäischer Poaceen. Hercynia N. F. 4:11-50

group of traits: Leaf traits »

Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence	i (persistent green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy	e (helomorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form	gras (grass-like)

group of traits: Flowering phenology »

Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months)	5
End of flowering (months)	10
Duration of flowering (months)	6
Number of flowering phases	0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group	5 (Sorbus aucuparia-Galium odoratum-Phase) Phenological season: end of mid spring
Reference	Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560

group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »

Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction	sv (by seed and vegetatively)
Reference	Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production	s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference	Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dicliny »
Dicliny	so (hermaphroditic)
Abundance	always [1]
Reference	Connor, H.E. 1979: Breeding system in the grasses: a survey. New Zealand Journal of Botany 17:547-574
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy	g3 (pronounced protogynous)
Reference	Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dichogamy	g2 (protogynous)
Reference	Conert, H.J. 1979: Poaceae. In: Hegi, G.B. (Hrsg.) Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, 1(3), S. 1-843, Parey, Berlin
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility	SC (self-compatibel)
Reference	Weimarck, A. 1968: Self-incompatibility in the Gramineae. Hereditas 60:157-166
Systematic reference	species [S]
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector	wi (wind) Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung)
Abundance	the rule [2]
Reference	Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Systematic reference	species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system	XF (facultative allogamous)
Reference	Conert, H.J. 1979: Poaceae. In: Hegi, G.B. (Hrsg.) Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, 1(3), S. 1-843, Parey, Berlin
P/O ratio »
P/O ratio	7000.0
Reference	Conert, H.J. 1979: Poaceae. In: Hegi, G.B. (Hrsg.) Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, 1(3), S. 1-843, Parey, Berlin
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER	W (wind flowers) Typical pollinators: -
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER	0 (not applicable)

group of traits: Seed traits »

Fruit type »
Fruit type	Nu (nut)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type	FZb (fruit with appendage)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type	n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type	F (fruit)
Information available	True
Development of nutritious appendages
Development of flat appendages
Development of elongated appendages
Development of additional appendages
Heteromorphic type	n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type	FZb (fruit with appendage)
Information available	True
Development of nutritious appendages
Development of flat appendages
Development of elongated appendages	always [1]
Development of additional appendages	always [1]
Weights »
Measured object	Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore	FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint	False
Heteromorphic type	n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg]	0.3
Weight (mean) [mg]	0.4
Weight (maximum) [mg]	0.4
Measured object	Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore	FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint	False
Heteromorphic type	n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg]	0.3
Weight (mean) [mg]	0.4
Weight (maximum) [mg]	0.4
Sizes »
Measured object	Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore	F (fruit)
Constraint	False
Heteromorphic type	n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm]	1.2
Length (mean) [mm]	1.4
Length (maximum) [mm]	1.5
Width (minimum) [mm]	0.7
Width (mean) [mm]	0.8
Width (maximum) [mm]	1.0
Height (minimum) [mm]	0.4
Height (mean) [mm]	0.6
Height (maximum) [mm]	0.8
Measured object	Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore	FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint	False
Heteromorphic type	n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm]	4.0
Length (mean) [mm]	4.7
Length (maximum) [mm]	5.3
Width (minimum) [mm]	0.8
Width (mean) [mm]	1.3
Width (maximum) [mm]	1.5
Height (minimum) [mm]	0.4
Height (mean) [mm]	0.6
Height (maximum) [mm]	0.8
Measured object	Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore	FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint	True
Heteromorphic type	n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm]	2.2
Length (mean) [mm]	2.9
Length (maximum) [mm]	3.5
Width (minimum) [mm]	0.8
Width (mean) [mm]	1.3
Width (maximum) [mm]	1.5
Height (minimum) [mm]	0.4
Height (mean) [mm]	0.6
Height (maximum) [mm]	0.8
Measured object	Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore	FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint	False
Heteromorphic type	n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm]	4.0
Length (mean) [mm]	4.7
Length (maximum) [mm]	5.3
Width (minimum) [mm]	0.8
Width (mean) [mm]	1.3
Width (maximum) [mm]	1.5
Height (minimum) [mm]	0.4
Height (mean) [mm]	0.6
Height (maximum) [mm]	0.8
special references:
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
Naylor, R.E.L. 1972: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (A. agrestis L.). Journal of Ecology 60:611-622 (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
Häfliger, T.J., Scholz, H. 1981: Grass weeds. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basel (Gattung)
Kaltofen, H., Schrader, A. 1991: Gräser. Biologie - Bestimmung - Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. DVL, Berlin (Gattung)
Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)

group of traits: Ecological strategy »

Strategy type »
Strategy type	csr (competitors/stress-tolerators/ruderals)

group of traits: Indicator values for grassland species »

Grassland utilization indicator values »
Occurrence	GE (little used grasslands)
Guild	G (grass)
Mowing tolerance	4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to mowing))
Grazing tolerance	4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to grazing))
Trampling tolerance	5 (moderately tolerant to trampling)
Foraging value	5 (intermediate forage value)
Foraging value for deer	9 (best forage value)

group of traits: Range »

Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone	e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level
Status	natural range
Floristic zone	p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level
Status	natural range
Floristic zone	n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level
Status	natural range
Floristic zone	b (boreal)
Altitudinal level
Status	natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones	3
Oceanity »
Oceanity	os (weak oceanic) Amplitude of Oceanity: 4 Minimum level of oceantity: continental climate Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate
Status	natural range
Floristic region »
Floristic region	e (Europe) Continent of floristic region: e (Europa)
Status	natural range

group of traits: Hemeroby »

Hemeroby »
Hemeroby	o (oligohemerobic)
Hemeroby	m (mesohemerobic)
Hemeroby	b (b-euhemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels	3

group of traits: Urbanity »

Urbanity »
Urbanity	2 (moderately urbanophobic)

group of traits: Habitats »

Habitat »
Habitat	L3.1 (null) Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable	False
Occurence restricted	False
Annotation	Ufer
Habitat	L3.2 (null) Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable	False
Occurence restricted	False
Annotation	Ufer
Habitat	L3.3 (null) Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable	False
Occurence restricted	False
Annotation	Ufer
Habitat	L3.4 (null) Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable	False
Occurence restricted	False
Annotation	Ufer
Habitat	L3.5 (null) Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable	False
Occurence restricted	False
Annotation	Ufer
Habitat	L4.1 (null) Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable	False
Occurence restricted	False
Annotation	Ufer
Habitat	L4.2 (null) Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable	False
Occurence restricted	False
Annotation	Ufer
Habitat	L4.3 (null) Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable	False
Occurence restricted	False
Annotation	Ufer
Habitat	L4.4 (null) Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable	False
Occurence restricted	False
Annotation	Ufer
Habitat	L5.2.5.8 (null) Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable	False
Occurence restricted	False
Annotation
Habitat	T10.3.3.1 (null) Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable	False
Occurence restricted	False
Annotation	nass
Habitat	T7.4.1 (null) Alliance: Lolio-Potentillion
Occurrence questionable	False
Occurence restricted	False
Annotation

group of traits: Sociology »

Class »
English circumscription	01.6 (Communities of reeds and tall sedges) Class: Phragmito-Magnocaricetea
English circumscription	05.4 (Commercially used grasslands) Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
English circumscription	05.5 (Communities of flooded and trampled grasslands) Class: Agrostietea stoloniferae