| species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
| BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
| Glechoma hederacea L. |
Lamiaceae » |
Gewöhnlicher Gundermann
|
| reference |
|
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
| Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
| Glechoma hederacea L. |
accepted |
| Glechoma glabriuscula Neilr. |
Synonym |
| Glechoma hederacea subsp. hederacea |
Synonym |
|
| Chromosome number » |
| Basic chromosome number |
9 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
36 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
4 (tetraploid) |
| Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
| Basic chromosome number |
9 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
18 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
|
| Ploidy type |
|
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
| Life form » |
| Life form |
G (Geophyte) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life span » |
| Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Vegetative propagation » |
| Vegetative propagation |
a (Runner) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Storage organs » |
| Storage organs |
a (Runner) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Shoot metamorphoses » |
| Shoot metamorphoses |
a (Runner) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Rosettes » |
| Rosettes |
r (Erosulate plant) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| special references:
|
| Hutchings, M.J., Price, E.A.C. 1999: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Glechoma hederacea L. (Nepeta glechoma Benth., N. hederacea (L.) Trev.). Journal of Ecology 87:347-364
|
| Price, E.A.C., Marshal, C., Hutchings, M.J. 1992: Studies of growth in the clonal herb Glechoma hederacea. I. Patterns of physiological integration. Journal of Ecology 80:25-38
|
| Klimes, L. 1997: Variation in autumnal growth of hermaphroditic clones of Glechoma hederacea originating from two geographical regions and two habitats. Preslia (Praha) 69:175-183
|
| de Kroon, H., Stuefer, J.F., Dong, M., During, H.J. 1994: On plastic and non-plastic variation in clonal plant morphology and its ecological significance. Folia Geobotanica Phytotaxonomica 29:123-138
|
| Lukasiewicz, A. 1962: Morfologizno-rozwojowe typy bylin (Morphologic development types of perennials). The Poznan Soc. of Friends of Science. Dept. math. -nat. Sci. Publ. Ser. Biol. (Posen) 27:1-398
|
| Briemle, G., Schreiber, K.F. 1994: Zur Frage der Beeinflussung pflanzlicher Lebens- und Wuchsformen durch unterschiedliche Landschaftspflegemaßnahmen. Tuexenia 14:229-244
|
| Håkansson, S. 1982: Multiplication, growth and persistence of perennial weeds. In: Holzner, W., Numata, N. (Hrsg.) Biology and ecology of weeds, S. 123-135, Junk Publ., The Hague
|
|
| Flowering phenology » |
| Begin of flowering (months) |
4 |
| End of flowering (months) |
6 |
| Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
| Number of flowering phases |
0 |
| Symphenological Groups » |
| Phenological group |
3 (Prunus avium-Ranunculus auricomus-Phase)
Phenological season: end of early spring |
| Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
| Type of reproduction » |
| Type of reproduction |
sv (by seed and vegetatively) |
| Reference |
Hutchings, M.J., Price, E.A.C. 1999: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Glechoma hederacea L. (Nepeta glechoma Benth., N. hederacea (L.) Trev.). Journal of Ecology 87:347-364 |
| Type of seed production » |
| Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dicliny » |
| Dicliny |
gm (gynomonoecious) |
| Abundance |
often [3] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dicliny |
gd (gynodioecious) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Widen, M., Widen, B. 1999: Sex expression in the clonal gynodioecious herb Glechoma hederacea (Lamiaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany 77:1689-1698 |
| Dichogamy » |
| Dichogamy |
a2 (protandrous) |
| Reference |
Hutchings, M.J., Price, E.A.C. 1999: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Glechoma hederacea L. (Nepeta glechoma Benth., N. hederacea (L.) Trev.). Journal of Ecology 87:347-364 |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
C+ (± self-compatibel) |
| Reference |
Hutchings, M.J., Price, E.A.C. 1999: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Glechoma hederacea L. (Nepeta glechoma Benth., N. hederacea (L.) Trev.). Journal of Ecology 87:347-364 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SI (self-incompatibel) |
| Reference |
Hutchings, M.J., Price, E.A.C. 1999: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Glechoma hederacea L. (Nepeta glechoma Benth., N. hederacea (L.) Trev.). Journal of Ecology 87:347-364 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector » |
| Pollen vector |
in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
the rule [2] |
| Reference |
Hutchings, M.J., Price, E.A.C. 1999: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Glechoma hederacea L. (Nepeta glechoma Benth., N. hederacea (L.) Trev.). Journal of Ecology 87:347-364 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Breeding system » |
| Breeding system |
XF (facultative allogamous) |
| Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: xenogam, da SI |
| P/O ratio » |
| P/O ratio |
144.0 |
| Reference |
Cruden, R.W. 1977: Pollen-ovule ratios: a conservative indicator of breeding systems in flowering plants. Evolution 31:32-46 |
| P/O ratio |
2108.0 |
| Reference |
Cruden, R.W. 1977: Pollen-ovule ratios: a conservative indicator of breeding systems in flowering plants. Evolution 31:32-46 |
| Floral rewards » |
| Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
| Flower color » |
| Flower colour |
blue violet |
| Basic flower colour |
vi (violet) |
| Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
| UV reflection of the flower » |
| UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
| UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
| UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
| Flower class after MUELLER » |
| Flower class after MUELLER |
Hh (bumble bee flowers)
Typical pollinators: bumble bees |
| Flower type after KUGLER » |
| Flower type after KUGLER |
5.1 (true lip flowers) |
|
| Fruit type » |
| Fruit type |
BrF (lomentum) |
| Diaspore type » |
| Diaspore type |
TF (mericarp) |
| Germinule type » |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Germinule type |
TF (mericarp) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
|
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Weights » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
TF (mericarp) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.7 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.7 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.7 |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
TF (mericarp) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.7 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.7 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.7 |
| special references:
|
| Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
| Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
| Briemle, G. 1996: Farbatlas Kräuter und Gräser. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Gattung)
|
| Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
| Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
| Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
|
|
| Grassland utilization indicator values » |
| Occurrence |
W (forest edges and related ecotones) |
| Guild |
K (forb) |
| Mowing tolerance |
8 (between 7 and 9 (well tolerant to very tolerant to mowing)) |
| Grazing tolerance |
5 (moderately tolerant to grazing) |
| Trampling tolerance |
5 (moderately tolerant to trampling) |
| Foraging value |
2 (no or little forage value) |
| Foraging value for deer |
2 (no or little forage value) |
|
| Habitat » |
| Habitat |
L5.2.3 (null)
Alliance: Alno-Ulmion p.p.
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T7 (Meadows and pastures)
Alliance: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T9.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
|
| Class » |
| English circumscription |
05.4 (Commercially used grasslands)
Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
|
| English circumscription |
05.5 (Communities of flooded and trampled grasslands)
Class: Agrostietea stoloniferae
|
| English circumscription |
06.5 (Eusiberian ruderal mugwort and thistles communities, and couch-grasslands)
Class: Artemisietea vulgaris
|
| English circumscription |
07.2 (Alpine-montane tall herb and small-reed communities)
Class: Stellario nemorum-Geranietea sylvatici
|
| English circumscription |
07.4 (Communities of clear-felled areas)
Class: Epilobietea angustifolii
|
| English circumscription |
07.5 (Nitrophilous tall herb communities)
Class: Galio-Urticetea dioicae
|
| English circumscription |
09.3 (Willow marsh shrublands)
Class: Carici-Salicetea cinereae
|
| English circumscription |
09.4 (Willow communities of river banks and floodplains)
Class: Salicetea purpureae
|
| English circumscription |
09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs)
Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
|
| English circumscription |
10.1 (Alder marsh woodlands)
Class: Alnetea glutinosae
|
| English circumscription |
10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests)
Class: Carpino-Fagetea
|
| English circumscription |
10.3 (Birch-oak forests)
Class: Quercetea robori-petraeae
|
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