species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Medicago lupulina L. |
Fabaceae » |
Hopfen-Schneckenklee
Hopfenklee
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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|
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Medicago lupulina L. |
accepted |
Medicago lupulina subsp. lupulina |
Synonym |
Medicago lupulina var. lupulina |
Synonym |
Medicago lupulina var. willdenowiana W. D. J. Koch |
Synonym |
Medicago lupulina subsp. jalasii Rothm. |
Synonym |
Medicago lupulina var. glanduligera Neumann |
Synonym |
Medicago lupulina var. glandulosa Mert. & W. D. J. Koch |
Synonym |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
16 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
Ploidy type |
D (diploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
9 |
Chromosome number 2n |
18 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
D (diploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Dobes, C., Vitek, E. 2000: Documented chromosome number checklist of Austrian vascular plants. Verlag des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien, Wien |
Basic chromosome number |
8 |
Chromosome number 2n |
32 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
|
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
DNA content » |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
1.8 |
Chromosome number |
16 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345 |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life form |
T (Therophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
a (annual) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span |
b (biennial) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
p (Pleiocorm) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs |
r (Primary storage root) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Shoot metamorphoses » |
Shoot metamorphoses |
p (Pleiocorm) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Root metamorphoses » |
Root metamorphoses |
r (Primary storage root) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Turkington, R., Cavers, P.B. 1979: The biology of Canadian weeds. 33. Medicago lupulina L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 59:99-110
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Hensen, I. 1997: Life strategies of xerothermic grasslands - mechanisms of reproduction and colonization within Stipetum capillatae s.l. and Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati. Feddes Repertorium 108:425-452
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Gluch, W. 1967: Wuchsformstudien an zentraleuropäischen Fabaceen. I. Die Stauden der Gattung Medicago L. und Trifolium L.. Feddes Repertorium 76:221-265
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Holm, T. 1925: On the development of buds upon roots and leaves. Annals of Botany 39:867-881
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Ebel, F., Mühlberg, H. 1987: Vergleichend-ökomorphologische Untersuchungen an Pflanzen-Taxa eines Trocken- und Feuchtbiotops. Hercynia N. F. 24:408-424
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Wittrock, V.B. 1884: Über Wurzelsprosse bei krautigen Gewächsen, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf ihre verschiedene biologische Bedeutung. Biol. Centralbl. 17:227-232
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Gluch, W. 1964: Wuchsformen und Wuchstypen einheimischer Fabaceen-Stauden.. Diss. Univ. Halle-Wittenberg
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Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
5 |
End of flowering (months) |
10 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
6 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
5 (Sorbus aucuparia-Galium odoratum-Phase) Phenological season: end of mid spring |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
sv (by seed and vegetatively) |
Reference |
Turkington, R., Cavers, P.B. 1979: The biology of Canadian weeds. 33. Medicago lupulina L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 59:99-110 |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Li, X.Q., Demarly, Y. 1995: Characterization of factors affecting plant regeneration frequency of Medicago lupulina L.. Euphytica 86:143-148 |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
Reference |
Mulligan, G.A. 1972: Autogamy, allogamy, and pollination in some Canadian weeds. Canadian Journal of Botany 50:1767-1771 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
often [3] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
often [3] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
AF (facultative autogamous) |
Reference |
Turkington, R., Cavers, P.B. 1979: The biology of Canadian weeds. 33. Medicago lupulina L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 59:99-110 |
Breeding system |
AO (autogamous) |
Reference |
Li, X.Q., Demarly, Y. 1995: Characterization of factors affecting plant regeneration frequency of Medicago lupulina L.. Euphytica 86:143-148 |
P/O ratio » |
P/O ratio |
440.0 |
Reference |
Rodriguez-Riano, T., Ortega-Olivencia, A., Devesa, J.A. 1999: Biologia floral en Fabaceae. Ruizia, Monografias des Real Jardin Botanico, Madrid 16:1-176 |
P/O ratio |
320.0 |
Reference |
Small, E. 1988: Pollen-ovule patterns in tribe Trifolieae (Leguminosae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 160:195-205 |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
yellow |
Basic flower colour |
g (yellow) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
H (hymenoptere flowers) Typical pollinators: hymenopteres |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
6.1b (flag blossom, Fabaceae type, explosive mechanism) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Hü (legume) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
sometimes [2] |
Development of additional appendages |
|
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
S (seed) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Weights » |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
1.9 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
2.0 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
2.1 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
1.9 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
2.0 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
2.1 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
1.4 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
1.6 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
1.8 |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
2.4 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.8 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
2.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
2.4 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.0 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.2 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
2.4 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.8 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
2.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
2.4 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.0 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.2 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.2 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
1.7 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
2.3 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.2 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.8 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.5 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.2 |
special references:
|
Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
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Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
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Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
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Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
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Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
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Heyn, C.C. 1963: The annual species of Medicago. Scripta Hierosolymitana, Publications of the Hebrew University Vol. XII. Jerusalem. (Gattung)
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Lesins, K.A., Lesins, I. 1979: Genus Medicago (Leguminosae). A taxogenetic study. The Hague (Gattung)
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Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
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Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
GW (commercial grasslands) |
Guild |
Lk (herbaceous legume) |
Mowing tolerance |
7 (well tolerant to mowing) |
Grazing tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to grazing)) |
Trampling tolerance |
6 (between 5 and 7 (moderately tolerant to well tolerant to trampling)) |
Foraging value |
8 (between 7 and 9 (high to best forage value)) |
Foraging value for deer |
|
|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
T10.3.3.1 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T10.3.4.2 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T6.2.2.2.3 (null) Alliance: Bromion erecti
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T7.1.2 (null) Alliance: Arrhenatherion
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T8.3.1 (null) Alliance: Sisymbrion
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T9.1.2.1 (null) Alliance: Fumario-Euphorbion
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T9.1.2.2 (null) Alliance: Caucalidion platycarpi
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
|
Class » |
English circumscription |
05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands) Class: Festuco-Brometea
|
English circumscription |
05.4 (Commercially used grasslands) Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
|
English circumscription |
06.3 (Communities of annual trampling resistent plants) Class: Polygono arenastri-Poetea annuae
|
English circumscription |
06.5 (Eusiberian ruderal mugwort and thistles communities, and couch-grasslands) Class: Artemisietea vulgaris
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English circumscription |
06.6 (Chickweed and other field weed communities) Class: Stellarietea mediae
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