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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Medicago lupulina L. Fabaceae » Hopfen-Schneckenklee
Hopfenklee
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Medicago lupulina L. accepted
Medicago lupulina subsp. lupulina Synonym
Medicago lupulina var. lupulina Synonym
Medicago lupulina var. willdenowiana W. D. J. Koch Synonym
Medicago lupulina subsp. jalasii Rothm. Synonym
Medicago lupulina var. glanduligera Neumann Synonym
Medicago lupulina var. glandulosa Mert. & W. D. J. Koch Synonym
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 0 (not specified)
Reference unbekannt
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 8
Chromosome number 2n 16
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 2 (diploid)
Ploidy type D (diploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
Basic chromosome number 9
Chromosome number 2n 18
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level  
Ploidy type D (diploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Dobes, C., Vitek, E. 2000: Documented chromosome number checklist of Austrian vascular plants. Verlag des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien, Wien
Basic chromosome number 8
Chromosome number 2n 32
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level  
Ploidy type  
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
 
group of traits: DNA content »
DNA content »
DNA content (pg/2C) 1.8
Chromosome number 16
Quality chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 True
Reference Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBBBBBABBBAABAAAAAAAABBBA
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form H (Hemicryptophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life form T (Therophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span a (annual)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span b (biennial)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span p (pluriennial-pollakanthic)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs »
Storage organs p (Pleiocorm)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs r (Primary storage root)
Qualifier always [1]
Shoot metamorphoses »
Shoot metamorphoses p (Pleiocorm)
Qualifier always [1]
Root metamorphoses »
Root metamorphoses r (Primary storage root)
Qualifier always [1]
Rosettes »
Rosettes h (Hemirosette plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Turkington, R., Cavers, P.B. 1979: The biology of Canadian weeds. 33. Medicago lupulina L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 59:99-110
Hensen, I. 1997: Life strategies of xerothermic grasslands - mechanisms of reproduction and colonization within Stipetum capillatae s.l. and Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati. Feddes Repertorium 108:425-452
Gluch, W. 1967: Wuchsformstudien an zentraleuropäischen Fabaceen. I. Die Stauden der Gattung Medicago L. und Trifolium L.. Feddes Repertorium 76:221-265
Holm, T. 1925: On the development of buds upon roots and leaves. Annals of Botany 39:867-881
Ebel, F., Mühlberg, H. 1987: Vergleichend-ökomorphologische Untersuchungen an Pflanzen-Taxa eines Trocken- und Feuchtbiotops. Hercynia N. F. 24:408-424
Wittrock, V.B. 1884: Über Wurzelsprosse bei krautigen Gewächsen, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf ihre verschiedene biologische Bedeutung. Biol. Centralbl. 17:227-232
Gluch, W. 1964: Wuchsformen und Wuchstypen einheimischer Fabaceen-Stauden.. Diss. Univ. Halle-Wittenberg
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence i (persistent green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy m (mesomorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form gefin (palmate)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 5
End of flowering (months) 10
Duration of flowering (months) 6
Number of flowering phases 0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 5 (Sorbus aucuparia-Galium odoratum-Phase)
Phenological season: end of mid spring
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction sv (by seed and vegetatively)
Reference Turkington, R., Cavers, P.B. 1979: The biology of Canadian weeds. 33. Medicago lupulina L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 59:99-110
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference Li, X.Q., Demarly, Y. 1995: Characterization of factors affecting plant regeneration frequency of Medicago lupulina L.. Euphytica 86:143-148
Dicliny »
Dicliny so (hermaphroditic)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy h (homogamous)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SC (self-compatibel)
Reference Mulligan, G.A. 1972: Autogamy, allogamy, and pollination in some Canadian weeds. Canadian Journal of Botany 50:1767-1771
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung)
Abundance often [3]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung)
Abundance often [3]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system AF (facultative autogamous)
Reference Turkington, R., Cavers, P.B. 1979: The biology of Canadian weeds. 33. Medicago lupulina L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 59:99-110
Breeding system AO (autogamous)
Reference Li, X.Q., Demarly, Y. 1995: Characterization of factors affecting plant regeneration frequency of Medicago lupulina L.. Euphytica 86:143-148
P/O ratio »
P/O ratio 440.0
Reference Rodriguez-Riano, T., Ortega-Olivencia, A., Devesa, J.A. 1999: Biologia floral en Fabaceae. Ruizia, Monografias des Real Jardin Botanico, Madrid 16:1-176
P/O ratio 320.0
Reference Small, E. 1988: Pollen-ovule patterns in tribe Trifolieae (Leguminosae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 160:195-205
Floral rewards »
Floral rewards 1 (nectar)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Amount of floral reward 3 (present)
Flower color »
Flower colour yellow
Basic flower colour g (yellow)
Reference Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin
UV reflection of the flower »
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower 1 (0-7 %)
UV reflection in the centre of the flower 1 (0-7 %)
UV reflection pattern 0 (no UV reflectance patterns)
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER H (hymenoptere flowers)
Typical pollinators: hymenopteres
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 6.1b (flag blossom, Fabaceae type, explosive mechanism)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type Hü (legume)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type FZb (fruit with appendage)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type FZb (fruit with appendage)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages sometimes [2]
Development of additional appendages  
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type S (seed)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages  
Development of additional appendages  
Weights »
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 1.9
Weight (mean) [mg] 2.0
Weight (maximum) [mg] 2.1
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 1.9
Weight (mean) [mg] 2.0
Weight (maximum) [mg] 2.1
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 1.4
Weight (mean) [mg] 1.6
Weight (maximum) [mg] 1.8
Sizes »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 1.5
Length (mean) [mm] 2.4
Length (maximum) [mm] 3.0
Width (minimum) [mm] 1.8
Width (mean) [mm] 2.0
Width (maximum) [mm] 2.4
Height (minimum) [mm] 1.0
Height (mean) [mm] 1.2
Height (maximum) [mm] 1.5
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 1.5
Length (mean) [mm] 2.4
Length (maximum) [mm] 3.0
Width (minimum) [mm] 1.8
Width (mean) [mm] 2.0
Width (maximum) [mm] 2.4
Height (minimum) [mm] 1.0
Height (mean) [mm] 1.2
Height (maximum) [mm] 1.5
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 1.2
Length (mean) [mm] 1.7
Length (maximum) [mm] 2.3
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Width (mean) [mm] 1.2
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.8
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.5
Height (mean) [mm] 1.0
Height (maximum) [mm] 1.2
special references:
Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
Heyn, C.C. 1963: The annual species of Medicago. Scripta Hierosolymitana, Publications of the Hebrew University Vol. XII. Jerusalem. (Gattung)
Lesins, K.A., Lesins, I. 1979: Genus Medicago (Leguminosae). A taxogenetic study. The Hague (Gattung)
Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type csr (competitors/stress-tolerators/ruderals)
 
group of traits: Indicator values for grassland species »
Grassland utilization indicator values »
Occurrence GW (commercial grasslands)
Guild Lk (herbaceous legume)
Mowing tolerance 7 (well tolerant to mowing)
Grazing tolerance 4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to grazing))
Trampling tolerance 6 (between 5 and 7 (moderately tolerant to well tolerant to trampling))
Foraging value 8 (between 7 and 9 (high to best forage value))
Foraging value for deer  
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone m (meridional)
Altitudinal level m (montane)
Status natural range
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level m (montane)
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 3
Floristic region »
Floristic region a (Asia)
Continent of floristic region: a (Asien)
Status natural range
Floristic region e (Europe)
Continent of floristic region: e (Europa)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Hemeroby »
Hemeroby m (mesohemerobic)
Hemeroby b (b-euhemerobic)
Hemeroby c (a-euhemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 3
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity 3 (urbanoneutral)
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat T10.3.3.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T10.3.4.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T6.2.2.2.3 (null)
Alliance: Bromion erecti
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T7.1.2 (null)
Alliance: Arrhenatherion
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T8.3.1 (null)
Alliance: Sisymbrion
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T9.1.2.1 (null)
Alliance: Fumario-Euphorbion
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T9.1.2.2 (null)
Alliance: Caucalidion platycarpi
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands)
Class: Festuco-Brometea
English circumscription 05.4 (Commercially used grasslands)
Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
English circumscription 06.3 (Communities of annual trampling resistent plants)
Class: Polygono arenastri-Poetea annuae
English circumscription 06.5 (Eusiberian ruderal mugwort and thistles communities, and couch-grasslands)
Class: Artemisietea vulgaris
English circumscription 06.6 (Chickweed and other field weed communities)
Class: Stellarietea mediae
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
DNA content »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Indicator values for grassland species »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


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