| species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
| BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
| Melampyrum pratense L. |
Scrophulariaceae » |
Wiesen-Wachtelweizen
|
| reference |
|
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
| Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
| Melampyrum pratense L. |
accepted |
| Melampyrum vulgatum Pers., nom. illeg. (M. pratense pro syn.) |
Synonym |
| >Melampyrum pratense subsp. pratense , s. l. |
accepted |
| >Melampyrum pratense subsp. paludosum (Gaudin) Soó |
Synonym |
| >Melampyrum pratense subsp. pratense , s. str. |
Synonym |
| >Melampyrum pratense subsp. monticolum (Beauverd) Soó |
Synonym |
| >Melampyrum pratense subsp. purpureum (Hartm.) Soó |
Synonym |
| >Melampyrum pratense subsp. engleri Soó |
Synonym |
| >Melampyrum pratense subsp. oligocladum (Beauverd) Soó |
Synonym |
| >Melampyrum pratense var. integerrimum Döll |
Synonym |
| >Melampyrum pratense var. oligocladum Beauverd |
Synonym |
| >Melampyrum paludosum (Gaudin) Ronniger |
Synonym |
| >Melampyrum pratense var. paludosum Gaudin |
Synonym |
| >Melampyrum pratense subsp. commutatum (Tausch ex A. Kern.) C. E. Britton |
accepted |
| >Melampyrum pratense subsp. angustifrons (Borbás) Soó |
Synonym |
| >Melampyrum commutatum Tausch ex A. Kern. |
Basionym |
| >Melampyrum pratense var. angustifrons Borbás |
Synonym |
| >Melampyrum pratense subsp. vulgatum (Pers.) Ronniger |
Synonym |
| >Melampyrum pratense f. commutatum (A. Kern.) Beauverd |
Synonym |
| >Melampyrum pratense var. vulgatum (Pers.) Beck |
Synonym |
|
| Chromosome number » |
| Basic chromosome number |
9 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
18 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
| Ploidy type |
D (diploid with haploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
| Flowering phenology » |
| Begin of flowering (months) |
6 |
| End of flowering (months) |
9 |
| Duration of flowering (months) |
4 |
| Number of flowering phases |
0 |
| Symphenological Groups » |
| Phenological group |
7 (Ligustrum-Stachys sylvatica-Phase)
Phenological season: end of early summer |
| Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
| Type of reproduction » |
| Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
| Reference |
Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn |
| Type of seed production » |
| Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dicliny » |
| Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dichogamy » |
| Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
| Reference |
Kwak, M.M. 1979: Effects of bumblebee visits on the seed set of Pedicularis, Rhinanthus and Melampyrum (Scrophulariaceae) in the Netherlands. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 28:177-195 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector » |
| Pollen vector |
se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
at failure of outcrossing [7] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector |
in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
possible [5] |
| Reference |
Kwak, M.M. 1979: Effects of bumblebee visits on the seed set of Pedicularis, Rhinanthus and Melampyrum (Scrophulariaceae) in the Netherlands. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 28:177-195 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Breeding system » |
| Breeding system |
AF (facultative autogamous) |
| Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb. |
| Floral rewards » |
| Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Amount of floral reward |
4 (plenty) |
| Flower color » |
| Flower colour |
pale yellow, rarely golden yellow |
| Basic flower colour |
g (yellow) |
| Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
| UV reflection of the flower » |
| UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
| UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
| UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
| Flower class after MUELLER » |
| Flower class after MUELLER |
Hh (bumble bee flowers)
Typical pollinators: bumble bees |
| Flower type after KUGLER » |
| Flower type after KUGLER |
5.3 (lip flowers, mask flowers) |
|
| Fruit type » |
| Fruit type |
Ka (capsule) |
| Diaspore type » |
| Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
| Germinule type » |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Germinule type |
S (seed) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
always [1] |
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
|
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Weights » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
True |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
5.2 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
| Sizes » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
3.0 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
4.2 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
5.5 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.3 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
1.6 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.9 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.2 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
1.6 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.8 |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
3.0 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
4.2 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
5.5 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.3 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
1.6 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.9 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
1.2 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
1.6 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.8 |
| special references:
|
| Horril, A.D. 1972: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Melampyrum cristatum L.. Journal of Ecology 60:235-244 (Gattung)
|
| Beauverd, G. 1916: Monographie du genre Melampyrum L.. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et D'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve 38:291-657 (Gattung)
|
| Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
| Bresinsky, A. 1963: Bau, Entwicklungsgeschichte und Inhaltsstoffe der Elaiosomen. Studien zur myrmekochoren Verbreitung von Samen und Früchten. Bibliotheca Botanica Vol. 126. (Gattung)
|
| Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
| Müller, P. 1955: Verbreitungsbiologie (Diasporologie) der Blütenpflanzen. Veröffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes Rübel Zürich . Verlag Hans Huber, Bern. (Gattung)
|
| Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
|
|
| Grassland utilization indicator values » |
| Occurrence |
N (fallow lands) |
| Guild |
K (forb) |
| Mowing tolerance |
3 (sensitive to mowing) |
| Grazing tolerance |
3 (sensitive to grazing) |
| Trampling tolerance |
3 (sensitive to trampling) |
| Foraging value |
2 (no or little forage value) |
| Foraging value for deer |
2 (no or little forage value) |
|
| Habitat » |
| Habitat |
T1.1.1 (null)
Alliance: Fagion sylvaticae
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
licht |
| Habitat |
T1.1.2.5 (null)
Alliance: Quercion robori-petraeae
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T1.1.2.5.4 (null)
Alliance: Betulo-Quercetum petraeae
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T1.4.3 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T4 (Dwarf scrub communities below alpine areas)
Alliance: (Calluno-)Ulicetalia
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
|
| Class » |
| English circumscription |
07.3 (Acidophilous forest grassland ecotones)
Class: Melampyro-Holcetea mollis
|
| English circumscription |
10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests)
Class: Carpino-Fagetea
|
| English circumscription |
10.3 (Birch-oak forests)
Class: Quercetea robori-petraeae
|
| English circumscription |
10.8 (Boreal-continental coniferous forests with dwarf scrubs)
Class: Vaccinio-Piceetea
|
| English circumscription |
10.9 (Bog bilberry pine-forests)
Class: Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetea
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