species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Phleum phleoides (L.) H. Karst. |
Poaceae » |
Steppen-Lieschgras
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Phleum phleoides (L.) H. Karst. |
accepted |
Phleum arvense Pourr. |
Synonym |
Phleum phalaris Pers. |
Synonym |
Phalaris phleoides L. |
Basionym |
Phleum boehmeri Wibel, nom. illeg. (nom. superfl.) |
Synonym |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
7 |
Chromosome number 2n |
14 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
Ploidy type |
D (diploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
7 |
Chromosome number 2n |
28 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
|
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Vegetative propagation » |
Vegetative propagation |
fr (Fragmentation) |
Qualifier |
sometimes [2] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
h (Tuft) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Hensen, I. 1997: Life strategies of xerothermic grasslands - mechanisms of reproduction and colonization within Stipetum capillatae s.l. and Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati. Feddes Repertorium 108:425-452
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Ebel, F., Mühlberg, H. 1987: Vergleichend-ökomorphologische Untersuchungen an Pflanzen-Taxa eines Trocken- und Feuchtbiotops. Hercynia N. F. 24:408-424
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Wilhalm, T. 1995: A comparative study of clonal fragmentation in tussock-forming grasses. Abstr. Bot. 19:51-60
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Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
6 |
End of flowering (months) |
7 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
2 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
7 (Ligustrum-Stachys sylvatica-Phase) Phenological season: end of early summer |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
ssv (mostly by seed, rarely vegetatively) |
Reference |
Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: Sexuelle Samenproduktion, da keine Apomikten in Gattung bekannt |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Connor, H.E. 1979: Breeding system in the grasses: a survey. New Zealand Journal of Botany 17:547-574 |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
g2 (protogynous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SI (self-incompatibel) |
Reference |
Smith, D.C. 1944: Pollination and seed formation in grasses. Journal of Agricultural Research 68:79-95 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
SI mechanism » |
SI mechanism |
GSI (gametophytic self-incompatibility) |
Reference |
de Nettancourt, D. 1977: Incompatibility in angiosperms. Springer, Berlin |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
wi (wind) Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: pers. obs. |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: xenogam, da SI |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
W (wind flowers) Typical pollinators: - |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
0 (not applicable) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
sometimes [2] |
Development of additional appendages |
always [1] |
Weights » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.1 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
True |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.2 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.2 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.2 |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.1 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
1.2 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
1.2 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.4 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.4 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
0.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.3 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.4 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.5 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
True |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.3 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
1.6 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
1.8 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.4 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.5 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
0.6 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.4 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.5 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.6 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
3.0 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
|
Width (mean) [mm] |
|
Width (maximum) [mm] |
|
Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
Height (mean) [mm] |
|
Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
True |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.3 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
1.6 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
1.8 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.4 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.5 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
0.6 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.4 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.5 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.6 |
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
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Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
Ernst, W.H.O., Malloch, A.J.C. 1994: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Phleum arenarium L. (Phalaris arenaria Willd.; Chilochloa arenaria P. Beauv.). Journal of Ecology 82:403-413 (Gattung)
|
Bakker, J.P., Bakker, E.S., Rosén, E., Verweij, G.L. 1997: The soil seed bank of undisturbed and disturbed dry limestone grassland on Öland (Sweden). Z. Ökologie Nat. sch. 6:9-18 (Gattung)
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Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
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Kaltofen, H., Schrader, A. 1991: Gräser. Biologie - Bestimmung - Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. DVL, Berlin (Gattung)
|
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
|
Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
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Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
GE (little used grasslands) |
Guild |
G (grass) |
Mowing tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to mowing)) |
Grazing tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to grazing)) |
Trampling tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to trampling)) |
Foraging value |
4 (between 3 and 5 (little to intermediate forage value)) |
Foraging value for deer |
|
|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
T5.2.3 (null) Alliance: Asplenietea trichomanis
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T6.2 (null) Alliance: Festuco-Brometea
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Class » |
English circumscription |
05.2 (Pioneer communities of hair-grasses) Class: Koelerio-Corynephoretea
|
English circumscription |
05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands) Class: Festuco-Brometea
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