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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Phleum pratense L. s. str. Poaceae » Wiesen-Lieschgras
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Phleum pratense L. accepted
Phleum bulbosum Gouan Synonym
Phleum pratense subsp. nodosum (L.) Trabut Synonym
Phleum nodosum L. Synonym
Phleum pratense subsp. pratense Synonym
<Phleum pratense agg. accepted
<Phleum pratense 'Sammelart' Synonym
<Phleum pratense L., s. l. Synonym
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 0 (not specified)
Reference unbekannt
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 7
Chromosome number 2n 42
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 6 (hexaploid)
Ploidy type P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
 
group of traits: DNA content »
DNA content »
DNA content (pg/2C) 8.3
Chromosome number 42
Quality chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 True
Reference Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBABBBBAAABBAAAAAAAABBBBBA
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form H (Hemicryptophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span p (pluriennial-pollakanthic)
Qualifier always [1]
Vegetative propagation »
Vegetative propagation sk (Shoot tuber)
Qualifier sometimes [2]
Storage organs »
Storage organs h (Tuft)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs sk (Shoot tuber)
Qualifier sometimes [2]
Shoot metamorphoses »
Shoot metamorphoses sk (Shoot tuber)
Qualifier sometimes [2]
Rosettes »
Rosettes h (Hemirosette plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Beetle, A.A. 1980: Vivipary, proliferation and phyllody in grasses. J. Range Managem. 33:256-261
Lukasiewicz, A. 1962: Morfologizno-rozwojowe typy bylin (Morphologic development types of perennials). The Poznan Soc. of Friends of Science. Dept. math. -nat. Sci. Publ. Ser. Biol. (Posen) 27:1-398
Caldwell, P.A. 1957: The spatial development of Spartina colonies growing without competition. Annals of Botany 21:203-215
Wilhalm, T. 1995: A comparative study of clonal fragmentation in tussock-forming grasses. Abstr. Bot. 19:51-60
Briemle, G., Schreiber, K.F. 1994: Zur Frage der Beeinflussung pflanzlicher Lebens- und Wuchsformen durch unterschiedliche Landschaftspflegemaßnahmen. Tuexenia 14:229-244
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence i (persistent green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy m (mesomorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form gras (grass-like)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 6
End of flowering (months) 8
Duration of flowering (months) 3
Number of flowering phases 0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 7 (Ligustrum-Stachys sylvatica-Phase)
Phenological season: end of early summer
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction ssv (mostly by seed, rarely vegetatively)
Reference Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dicliny »
Dicliny so (hermaphroditic)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Connor, H.E. 1979: Breeding system in the grasses: a survey. New Zealand Journal of Botany 17:547-574
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy g3 (pronounced protogynous)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dichogamy h (homogamous)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility C+ (± self-compatibel)
Reference Nordenskiöld, H. 1937: Intra- and interspecific hybrids of Phleum pratense and P. alpinum. Hereditas 23:304-328
Systematic reference species [S]
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SI (self-incompatibel)
Reference East, E.M. 1940: The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82:449-518
Systematic reference species [S]
SI mechanism »
SI mechanism GSI (gametophytic self-incompatibility)
Reference de Nettancourt, D. 1977: Incompatibility in angiosperms. Springer, Berlin
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector wi (wind)
Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung)
Abundance rare [4]
Reference Nielsen, E.L., Smith, D.C. 1959: Chlorophyll inheritance patterns and extent of natural self-pollination in timothy. Euphytica 8:169-179
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung)
Abundance possible [5]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system X (allogamous)
Reference Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb.
Breeding system XF (facultative allogamous)
Reference Nielsen, E.L., Smith, D.C. 1959: Chlorophyll inheritance patterns and extent of natural self-pollination in timothy. Euphytica 8:169-179
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER W (wind flowers)
Typical pollinators: -
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 0 (not applicable)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type Nu (nut)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type F (fruit)
Diaspore type FZb (fruit with appendage)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type F (fruit)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages  
Development of additional appendages  
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type FZb (fruit with appendage)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages sometimes [2]
Development of additional appendages always [1]
Weights »
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg]  
Weight (mean) [mg] 1.0
Weight (maximum) [mg]  
Sizes »
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 1.1
Length (mean) [mm] 1.5
Length (maximum) [mm] 1.8
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.6
Width (mean) [mm] 0.9
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.1
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.4
Height (mean) [mm] 0.9
Height (maximum) [mm] 1.0
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 1.1
Length (mean) [mm] 1.5
Length (maximum) [mm] 1.8
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.6
Width (mean) [mm] 0.9
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.1
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.4
Height (mean) [mm] 0.9
Height (maximum) [mm] 1.0
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 3.5
Length (mean) [mm] 4.2
Length (maximum) [mm] 5.5
Width (minimum) [mm] 1.0
Width (mean) [mm] 1.1
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.2
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.9
Height (mean) [mm] 1.0
Height (maximum) [mm] 1.0
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint True
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 1.4
Length (mean) [mm] 2.0
Length (maximum) [mm] 2.5
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.6
Width (mean) [mm] 0.9
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.2
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.4
Height (mean) [mm] 0.9
Height (maximum) [mm] 1.0
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint True
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 1.4
Length (mean) [mm] 2.0
Length (maximum) [mm] 2.5
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.6
Width (mean) [mm] 0.9
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.2
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.4
Height (mean) [mm] 0.9
Height (maximum) [mm] 1.0
special references:
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
Ernst, W.H.O., Malloch, A.J.C. 1994: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Phleum arenarium L. (Phalaris arenaria Willd.; Chilochloa arenaria P. Beauv.). Journal of Ecology 82:403-413 (Gattung)
Bakker, J.P., Bakker, E.S., Rosén, E., Verweij, G.L. 1997: The soil seed bank of undisturbed and disturbed dry limestone grassland on Öland (Sweden). Z. Ökologie Nat. sch. 6:9-18 (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Kaltofen, H., Schrader, A. 1991: Gräser. Biologie - Bestimmung - Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. DVL, Berlin (Gattung)
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type c (competitors)
 
group of traits: Indicator values for grassland species »
Grassland utilization indicator values »
Occurrence GW (commercial grasslands)
Guild G (grass)
Mowing tolerance 8 (between 7 and 9 (well tolerant to very tolerant to mowing))
Grazing tolerance 6 (between 5 and 7 (moderately tolerant to well tolerant to grazing))
Trampling tolerance 6 (between 5 and 7 (moderately tolerant to well tolerant to trampling))
Foraging value 9 (best forage value)
Foraging value for deer 9 (best forage value)
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone m (meridional)
Altitudinal level m (montane)
Status natural range
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level m (montane)
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone b (boreal)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 4
Oceanity »
Oceanity sos (weak suboceanic)
Amplitude of Oceanity: 4
Minimum level of oceantity: extreme central continental climate
Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate
Status natural range
Floristic region »
Floristic region a (Asia)
Continent of floristic region: a (Asien)
Status natural range
Floristic region e (Europe)
Continent of floristic region: e (Europa)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Hemeroby »
Hemeroby m (mesohemerobic)
Hemeroby b (b-euhemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 2
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity 2 (moderately urbanophobic)
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat T7.2.1 (null)
Alliance: Cynosurion cristati p.p.
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 05.4 (Commercially used grasslands)
Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
DNA content »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Indicator values for grassland species »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


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