species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Phleum pratense L. s. str. |
Poaceae » |
Wiesen-Lieschgras
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Phleum pratense L. |
accepted |
Phleum bulbosum Gouan |
Synonym |
Phleum pratense subsp. nodosum (L.) Trabut |
Synonym |
Phleum nodosum L. |
Synonym |
Phleum pratense subsp. pratense |
Synonym |
<Phleum pratense agg. |
accepted |
<Phleum pratense 'Sammelart' |
Synonym |
<Phleum pratense L., s. l. |
Synonym |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
7 |
Chromosome number 2n |
42 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
6 (hexaploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
DNA content » |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
8.3 |
Chromosome number |
42 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345 |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Vegetative propagation » |
Vegetative propagation |
sk (Shoot tuber) |
Qualifier |
sometimes [2] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
h (Tuft) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs |
sk (Shoot tuber) |
Qualifier |
sometimes [2] |
Shoot metamorphoses » |
Shoot metamorphoses |
sk (Shoot tuber) |
Qualifier |
sometimes [2] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
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Beetle, A.A. 1980: Vivipary, proliferation and phyllody in grasses. J. Range Managem. 33:256-261
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Lukasiewicz, A. 1962: Morfologizno-rozwojowe typy bylin (Morphologic development types of perennials). The Poznan Soc. of Friends of Science. Dept. math. -nat. Sci. Publ. Ser. Biol. (Posen) 27:1-398
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Caldwell, P.A. 1957: The spatial development of Spartina colonies growing without competition. Annals of Botany 21:203-215
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Wilhalm, T. 1995: A comparative study of clonal fragmentation in tussock-forming grasses. Abstr. Bot. 19:51-60
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Briemle, G., Schreiber, K.F. 1994: Zur Frage der Beeinflussung pflanzlicher Lebens- und Wuchsformen durch unterschiedliche Landschaftspflegemaßnahmen. Tuexenia 14:229-244
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Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
6 |
End of flowering (months) |
8 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
7 (Ligustrum-Stachys sylvatica-Phase) Phenological season: end of early summer |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
ssv (mostly by seed, rarely vegetatively) |
Reference |
Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Connor, H.E. 1979: Breeding system in the grasses: a survey. New Zealand Journal of Botany 17:547-574 |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
g3 (pronounced protogynous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
C+ (± self-compatibel) |
Reference |
Nordenskiöld, H. 1937: Intra- and interspecific hybrids of Phleum pratense and P. alpinum. Hereditas 23:304-328 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SI (self-incompatibel) |
Reference |
East, E.M. 1940: The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82:449-518 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
SI mechanism » |
SI mechanism |
GSI (gametophytic self-incompatibility) |
Reference |
de Nettancourt, D. 1977: Incompatibility in angiosperms. Springer, Berlin |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
wi (wind) Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
rare [4] |
Reference |
Nielsen, E.L., Smith, D.C. 1959: Chlorophyll inheritance patterns and extent of natural self-pollination in timothy. Euphytica 8:169-179 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
possible [5] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb. |
Breeding system |
XF (facultative allogamous) |
Reference |
Nielsen, E.L., Smith, D.C. 1959: Chlorophyll inheritance patterns and extent of natural self-pollination in timothy. Euphytica 8:169-179 |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
W (wind flowers) Typical pollinators: - |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
0 (not applicable) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
F (fruit) |
Diaspore type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
sometimes [2] |
Development of additional appendages |
always [1] |
Weights » |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
Weight (mean) [mg] |
1.0 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.1 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
1.5 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
1.8 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.6 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.1 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.4 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.0 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.1 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
1.5 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
1.8 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.6 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.1 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.4 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.0 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
3.5 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
4.2 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
5.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.0 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.1 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.2 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.9 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.0 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
True |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.4 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
2.0 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
2.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.6 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.2 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.4 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.0 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
Constraint |
True |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.4 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
2.0 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
2.5 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.6 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.2 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.4 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.0 |
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
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Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
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Ernst, W.H.O., Malloch, A.J.C. 1994: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Phleum arenarium L. (Phalaris arenaria Willd.; Chilochloa arenaria P. Beauv.). Journal of Ecology 82:403-413 (Gattung)
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Bakker, J.P., Bakker, E.S., Rosén, E., Verweij, G.L. 1997: The soil seed bank of undisturbed and disturbed dry limestone grassland on Öland (Sweden). Z. Ökologie Nat. sch. 6:9-18 (Gattung)
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Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
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Kaltofen, H., Schrader, A. 1991: Gräser. Biologie - Bestimmung - Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. DVL, Berlin (Gattung)
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Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
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Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
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Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
GW (commercial grasslands) |
Guild |
G (grass) |
Mowing tolerance |
8 (between 7 and 9 (well tolerant to very tolerant to mowing)) |
Grazing tolerance |
6 (between 5 and 7 (moderately tolerant to well tolerant to grazing)) |
Trampling tolerance |
6 (between 5 and 7 (moderately tolerant to well tolerant to trampling)) |
Foraging value |
9 (best forage value) |
Foraging value for deer |
9 (best forage value) |
|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
T7.2.1 (null) Alliance: Cynosurion cristati p.p.
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Class » |
English circumscription |
05.4 (Commercially used grasslands) Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
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