search and information system
on vascular plants in Germany
a cooperation of
&
 

Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Plantago major L. s. str. Plantaginaceae » Gewöhnlicher Breit-Wegerich
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Plantago major null Synonym
Plantago major subsp. major accepted
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin a (anecophytic)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 1 (Europe)
Endemism »
Endemism 0 (not specified)
Reference unbekannt
Degree of naturalization »
Maximum degree of naturalization EO (epecophyte)
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 6
Chromosome number 2n 12
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 2 (diploid)
Ploidy type D (diploid with haploid basic number)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
 
group of traits: DNA content »
DNA content »
DNA content (pg/2C) 1.6
Chromosome number 12
Quality chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 False
Reference Pramanik, S., Sen Raychaudhuri, S. 1997: DNA content, chromosome composition, and isozyme patterns in Plantago L.. The Botanical Review 63:124-139
DNA content (pg/2C) 1.7
Chromosome number 12
Quality chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 True
Reference Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345
DNA content (pg/2C) 1.9
Chromosome number 12
Quality chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 False
Reference Bennett, M.D., Leitch, I.J. 1995: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Annals of Botany 76:113-176
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBBBBBABABBBBBBBABBBBBBAAA
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form H (Hemicryptophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span p (pluriennial-pollakanthic)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs »
Storage organs rh (Rhizome)
Qualifier always [1]
Shoot metamorphoses »
Shoot metamorphoses rh (Rhizome)
Qualifier always [1]
Rosettes »
Rosettes g (Rosette plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Sagar, G.R., Harper, J.L. 1964: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Plantago major L.. Journal of Ecology 52:189-205
Hawthorn, W.R. 1974: The biology of Canadian weeds. 4. Plantago major L. and P. rugelii. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 54:383-396
Kästner, A., Karrer, G. 1995: Übersicht der Wuchsformentypen als Grundlage für deren Erfassung in der "Flora von Österreich". Florae Austriacae Novit. 3:1-51
Raunkiaer, C. 1934: The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence s (summer green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy s (scleromorphic)
Leaf anatomy m (mesomorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form voll (full)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 6
End of flowering (months) 10
Duration of flowering (months) 5
Number of flowering phases 0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 7 (Ligustrum-Stachys sylvatica-Phase)
Phenological season: end of early summer
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction ssv (mostly by seed, rarely vegetatively)
Reference Hawthorn, W.R. 1974: The biology of Canadian weeds. 4. Plantago major L. and P. rugelii. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 54:383-396
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. 1998: Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. Ulmer, Stuttgart
Dicliny »
Dicliny so (hermaphroditic)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dicliny gm (gynomonoecious)
Abundance rare [4]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy g2 (protogynous)
Reference Sagar, G.R., Harper, J.L. 1964: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Plantago major L.. Journal of Ecology 52:189-205
Dichogamy g1 (slightly protogynous)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dichogamy h (homogamous)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SC (self-compatibel)
Reference Hawthorn, W.R. 1974: The biology of Canadian weeds. 4. Plantago major L. and P. rugelii. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 54:383-396
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector wi (wind)
Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference Hawthorn, W.R. 1974: The biology of Canadian weeds. 4. Plantago major L. and P. rugelii. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 54:383-396
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. 1998: Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. Ulmer, Stuttgart
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector ge (geitonogamy)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung)
Abundance at failure of outcrossing [7]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system XF (facultative allogamous)
Reference Morgan-Richards, M., Wolff, K. 1999: Genetic structure and differentiation of Plantago major reveals a pair of sympatric sister species. Molecular Ecology 8:1027-1036
P/O ratio »
P/O ratio 2356.0
Reference Hammer, K. 1978: Entwicklungstendenzen blütenbiologischer Merkmale bei Plantago. Flora 167:41-56
P/O ratio 3992.0
Reference Hammer, K. 1978: Entwicklungstendenzen blütenbiologischer Merkmale bei Plantago. Flora 167:41-56
Floral rewards »
Floral rewards 1 (nectar)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Amount of floral reward 1 (none)
Floral rewards 2 (pollen)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Amount of floral reward 4 (plenty)
Flower color »
Flower colour yellowish
Basic flower colour g (yellow)
Reference Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER Wb (wind flowers occassionally visited by insect)
Typical pollinators: Short tongued bees, syrphids, flies, beetles
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 0 (not applicable)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type Ka (capsule)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type S (seed)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type S (seed)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages  
Development of additional appendages  
Weights »
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 0.2
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.3
Weight (maximum) [mg] 0.3
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 0.2
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.3
Weight (maximum) [mg] 0.3
Sizes »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Length (mean) [mm] 1.5
Length (maximum) [mm] 2.0
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.5
Width (mean) [mm] 0.8
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.1
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.3
Height (mean) [mm] 0.4
Height (maximum) [mm] 0.6
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Length (mean) [mm] 1.5
Length (maximum) [mm] 2.0
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.5
Width (mean) [mm] 0.8
Width (maximum) [mm] 1.1
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.3
Height (mean) [mm] 0.4
Height (maximum) [mm] 0.6
special references:
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
Briemle, G. 1996: Farbatlas Kräuter und Gräser. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Gattung)
Dodds, J.G. 1953: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Plantago coronopus L.. Journal of Ecology 41:467-478 (Gattung)
Sagar, G.R., Harper, J.L. 1964: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Plantago media L.. Journal of Ecology 52:205-210 (Gattung)
Sagar, G.R., Harper, J.L. 1964: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Plantago major L.. Journal of Ecology 52:189-205 (Gattung)
Sagar, G.R., Harper, J.L. 1964: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Plantago lanceolata L.. Journal of Ecology 52:211-221 (Gattung)
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
Rymkiewicz, A. 1979: Studies on the species of the genus Plantago L. with reference to carpology and chemotaxonomy. Monographiae Botanicae 57:71-103 (Gattung)
Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type csr (competitors/stress-tolerators/ruderals)
 
group of traits: Indicator values for grassland species »
Grassland utilization indicator values »
Occurrence N (fallow lands)
Guild K (forb)
Mowing tolerance 5 (moderately tolerant to mowing)
Grazing tolerance 9 (very tolerant to grazing)
Trampling tolerance 9 (very tolerant to trampling)
Foraging value 3 (little forage value)
Foraging value for deer  
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone m (meridional)
Altitudinal level m (montane)
Status natural range
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level m (montane)
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone b (boreal)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 4
Floristic region »
Floristic region a (Asia)
Continent of floristic region: a (Asien)
Status natural range
Floristic region e (Europe)
Continent of floristic region: e (Europa)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Hemeroby »
Hemeroby m (mesohemerobic)
Hemeroby b (b-euhemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 2
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity 3 (urbanoneutral)
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat L4.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation Ufer
Habitat L4.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation Ufer
Habitat L4.3 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation Ufer
Habitat L4.4 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation Ufer
Habitat T7.2.1 (null)
Alliance: Cynosurion cristati p.p.
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T7.4 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T8.3 (null)
Alliance: Sisymbrienea
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 05.4 (Commercially used grasslands)
Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
English circumscription 05.5 (Communities of flooded and trampled grasslands)
Class: Agrostietea stoloniferae
English circumscription 06.3 (Communities of annual trampling resistent plants)
Class: Polygono arenastri-Poetea annuae
English circumscription 06.4 (Annual ruderal communities)
Class: Sisymbrietea officinalis
English circumscription 06.6 (Chickweed and other field weed communities)
Class: Stellarietea mediae
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
DNA content »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Indicator values for grassland species »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


Display of complete information for the selected species. Only traits available for the selected species are displayed.