| species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
| BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
| Rubus idaeus L. |
Rosaceae » |
Himbeere
|
| reference |
|
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
| Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
| Rubus idaeus L. |
accepted |
|
| Chromosome number » |
| Basic chromosome number |
7 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
14 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
| Ploidy type |
D (diploid with haploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Weber, H.E. 1983: Rubus. In: Oberdorfer, E. (Hrsg.) Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora, S. 509-533, Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
| DNA content » |
| DNA content (pg/2C) |
0.6 |
| Chromosome number |
14 |
| Quality |
chromosome number missing in original source; the most common number was added [f] |
| Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
| Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Leitch, I.J. 1995: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Annals of Botany 76:113-176 |
|
| Life form » |
| Life form |
P (Pseudophanerophyte) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life span » |
| Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Vegetative propagation » |
| Vegetative propagation |
ws (Root shoot) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Root metamorphoses » |
| Root metamorphoses |
ws (Root shoot) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Rosettes » |
| Rosettes |
r (Erosulate plant) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| special references:
|
| Irmisch, T. 1857: Über die Keimung und Erneuerungsweise von Convolvulus sepium, C. arvensis, sowie über hypokotylische Adventivknospen bei krautigen phanerogamen Pflanzen. Bot. Ztg. 15:433-443
|
| Beijerinck, M.W. 1887: Beobachtungen und Betrachtungen über Wurzelknospen und Nebenwurzeln. Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. , Afd. Natuurk. , Tweede Sect. 25:1-146
|
| Rauh, W. 1937: Die Bildung von Hypokotyl- und Wurzelsprossen und ihre Bedeutung für die Wuchsformen der Pflanzen. Nova Acta Leopold. N. F. 4:395-553
|
| Kästner, A., Karrer, G. 1995: Übersicht der Wuchsformentypen als Grundlage für deren Erfassung in der "Flora von Österreich". Florae Austriacae Novit. 3:1-51
|
| Rauh, W. 1938: Über die Verzweigung ausläuferbildender Sträucher mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Beziehung zu den Stauden. Hercynia 1:187-231
|
| Raunkiaer, C. 1934: The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography. Oxford
|
| Bell, A.D. 1994: Illustrierte Morphologie der Blütenpflanzen. Ulmer, Stuttgart
|
|
| Flowering phenology » |
| Begin of flowering (months) |
5 |
| End of flowering (months) |
6 |
| Duration of flowering (months) |
2 |
| Number of flowering phases |
0 |
| Symphenological Groups » |
| Phenological group |
6 (Cornus sanguinea-Melica uniflora-Phase)
Phenological season: start of early summer |
| Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
| Type of reproduction » |
| Type of reproduction |
sv (by seed and vegetatively) |
| Reference |
Weber, H.E. 1995: Rubus L.. In: Hegi, G.B. (Hrsg.) Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, IV/2A, S. 284-595, Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin |
| Type of seed production » |
| Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dicliny » |
| Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dichogamy » |
| Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SI (self-incompatibel) |
| Reference |
Shirokova, N.G. 2001: The type of self-incompatibility of raspberries (Rubus idaeus L. Rosaceae) during self-pollination. Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists (Biological Sciences) 106:29-37 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| SI mechanism » |
| SI mechanism |
GSI (gametophytic self-incompatibility) |
| Reference |
Shirokova, N.G. 2001: The type of self-incompatibility of raspberries (Rubus idaeus L. Rosaceae) during self-pollination. Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists (Biological Sciences) 106:29-37 |
| Pollen vector » |
| Pollen vector |
se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
the rule [2] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector |
in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
unknown [0] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Breeding system » |
| Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
| Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: xenogam, da SI |
| Floral rewards » |
| Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Amount of floral reward |
4 (plenty) |
| Flower color » |
| Flower colour |
white |
| Basic flower colour |
w (white) |
| Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
| UV reflection of the flower » |
| UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
| UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
| UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
| Flower class after MUELLER » |
| Flower class after MUELLER |
BH (transition type flowers with totally hidden nectar - bee flowers)
Typical pollinators: hymenopteres |
| Flower type after KUGLER » |
| Flower type after KUGLER |
1.2ba (disk flowers with nectar ± hidden in centre of flower) |
|
| Fruit type » |
| Fruit type |
SaStF (aggregate drupelets) |
| Diaspore type » |
| Diaspore type |
SaF (aggregate fruit (syncarpous)) |
| Germinule type » |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Germinule type |
FchT (part of fruitlet) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
|
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Weights » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
FchT (part of fruitlet) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
1.2 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
1.4 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
1.7 |
| Sizes » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
FchT (part of fruitlet) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.8 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
2.7 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.2 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.1 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
1.6 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
2.0 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.7 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
1.1 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.4 |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
SaF (aggregate fruit (syncarpous)) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
|
| Length (mean) [mm] |
12.2 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
|
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
|
| Width (mean) [mm] |
11.8 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
|
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
| Height (mean) [mm] |
|
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
| special references:
|
| Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
| Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
| Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
|
| Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
| Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
|
| Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
|
| Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
|
|
| Grassland utilization indicator values » |
| Occurrence |
W (forest edges and related ecotones) |
| Guild |
H (woody plant) |
| Mowing tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to mowing)) |
| Grazing tolerance |
3 (sensitive to grazing) |
| Trampling tolerance |
3 (sensitive to trampling) |
| Foraging value |
2 (no or little forage value) |
| Foraging value for deer |
|
|
| Habitat » |
| Habitat |
T2.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
|
| Class » |
| English circumscription |
07.2 (Alpine-montane tall herb and small-reed communities)
Class: Stellario nemorum-Geranietea sylvatici
|
| English circumscription |
07.4 (Communities of clear-felled areas)
Class: Epilobietea angustifolii
|
| English circumscription |
09.1 (Subalpine-alpine green alder and willow communities)
Class: Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis
|
| English circumscription |
09.2 (Acidic deciduous bush communities)
Class: Franguletea
|
| English circumscription |
09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs)
Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
|
| English circumscription |
10.1 (Alder marsh woodlands)
Class: Alnetea glutinosae
|
| English circumscription |
10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests)
Class: Carpino-Fagetea
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