| species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
| BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
| Silene dioica (L.) Clairv. |
Caryophyllaceae » |
Rote Lichtnelke
|
| reference |
|
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
| Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
| Silene dioica (L.) Clairv. |
accepted |
| Melandrium dioicum (L.) Coss. & Germ. |
Synonym |
| Lychnis dioica L. |
Basionym |
| Lychnis diurna Sibth. |
Synonym |
| Melandrium diurnum (Sibth.) Fr. |
Synonym |
| Melandrium rubrum Garcke, nom. illeg. |
Synonym |
| Melandrium sylvestre (Schkuhr) Röhl. |
Synonym |
| Lychnis dioica var. rubra Weigel |
Synonym |
| Lychnis sylvestris Schkuhr |
Synonym |
|
| Chromosome number » |
| Basic chromosome number |
12 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
24 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
| Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
| Basic chromosome number |
12 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
48 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
|
| Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
| DNA content » |
| DNA content (pg/2C) |
5.4 |
| Chromosome number |
24 |
| Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
| Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
| Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345 |
|
| Flowering phenology » |
| Begin of flowering (months) |
4 |
| End of flowering (months) |
9 |
| Duration of flowering (months) |
6 |
| Number of flowering phases |
0 |
| Symphenological Groups » |
| Phenological group |
5 (Sorbus aucuparia-Galium odoratum-Phase)
Phenological season: end of mid spring |
| Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
| Type of reproduction » |
| Type of reproduction |
ssv (mostly by seed, rarely vegetatively) |
| Reference |
Baker, H.G. 1947: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Melandrium dioicum (L. emend.) Coss. & Germ.. Journal of Ecology 35:283-292 |
| Type of seed production » |
| Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dicliny » |
| Dicliny |
do (dioecious) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Rothmaler, W. 1990: Exkursionsflora. Band 4, Kritischer Band. 8. Aufl., Verlag Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
| Dicliny |
tr (trioecious) |
| Abundance |
rare [4] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dichogamy » |
| Dichogamy |
a3 (pronounced protandrous) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
| Reference |
East, E.M. 1940: The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82:449-518 |
| Systematic reference |
family [F] |
| Pollen vector » |
| Pollen vector |
in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Breeding system » |
| Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
| Reference |
Fryxell, P.M. 1957: Modes of reproduction of higher plants. The Botanical Review 23:135-233 |
| P/O ratio » |
| P/O ratio |
150.0 |
| Reference |
Jürgens, A. 1998: Blütenmorphologie, Reproduktionssysteme und Blütendüfte von Silene-, Dianthus, Saponaria-, Agrostemma-, und Vaccaria-Arten (Caryophyllaceae). Diss. Univ. Ulm |
| P/O ratio |
150.0 |
| Reference |
Jürgens, A., Witt, T., Gottsberger, G. 2002: Pollen grain numbers, ovule numbers and pollen-ovule ratios in Caryophylloideae: correlation with breeding system, pollination, life form, style number, and sexual system. Sexual Plant Reproduction 14:279-289 |
| Floral rewards » |
| Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
| Flower color » |
| Flower colour |
red |
| Basic flower colour |
r (red) |
| Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
| UV reflection of the flower » |
| UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
3 (16-27 %) |
| UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
3 (16-27 %) |
| UV reflection pattern |
1 (UV reflectance pattern present) |
| Flower class after MUELLER » |
| Flower class after MUELLER |
Ft (butterfly flowers)
Typical pollinators: butterflies |
| Flower type after KUGLER » |
| Flower type after KUGLER |
4.2 (stalk disc flowers, stamina and pistil outside tube) |
|
| Fruit type » |
| Fruit type |
Ka (capsule) |
| Diaspore type » |
| Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
| Germinule type » |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Germinule type |
S (seed) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
|
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Weights » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.4 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.6 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.7 |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.4 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.6 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.7 |
| Sizes » |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.0 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
1.3 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
1.7 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.7 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.5 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.8 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.0 |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.0 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
1.3 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
1.7 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.7 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.5 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.8 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.0 |
| special references:
|
| Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
| Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
|
| Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
| Hensen, I., Müller, C. 1997: Experimental and structural investigations of anemochorous dispersal. Plant Ecology 133:169-180 (Gattung)
|
| Jones, V., Richards, P.W. 1962: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Silene acaulis (L.) Jacq.. Journal of Ecology 50:475-487 (Gattung)
|
| Bakker, J.P., Bakker, E.S., Rosén, E., Verweij, G.L., Bekker, R.M. 1996: Soil seed bank composition along a gradient from dry alvar grassland to Juniperus shrubland. Journal of Vegetation Science 7:165-176 (Gattung)
|
| Bakker, J.P., Bakker, E.S., Rosén, E., Verweij, G.L. 1997: The soil seed bank of undisturbed and disturbed dry limestone grassland on Öland (Sweden). Z. Ökologie Nat. sch. 6:9-18 (Gattung)
|
| Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
| Berggren, G. 1981: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 3 (Salicaceae-Cruciferaceae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
|
| Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
| Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
|
| Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
|
| Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
|
| Vogler, P. 1901: Ueber die Verbreitungsmittel der schweizerischen Alpenpflanzen. Flora 89 (Ergänzungsband zum Jg.1901):1-137 (Gattung)
|
| Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
|
|
| Grassland utilization indicator values » |
| Occurrence |
GE (little used grasslands) |
| Guild |
K (forb) |
| Mowing tolerance |
5 (moderately tolerant to mowing) |
| Grazing tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to grazing)) |
| Trampling tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to trampling)) |
| Foraging value |
4 (between 3 and 5 (little to intermediate forage value)) |
| Foraging value for deer |
5 (intermediate forage value) |
|
| Habitat » |
| Habitat |
L5.2.5.4 (null)
Alliance: Filipendulion
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T2.2.2 (null)
Alliance: Atropion belladonnae
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T3.1.1 (null)
Alliance: Adenostylion alliariae
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
|
| Class » |
| English circumscription |
05.4 (Commercially used grasslands)
Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
|
| English circumscription |
07.2 (Alpine-montane tall herb and small-reed communities)
Class: Stellario nemorum-Geranietea sylvatici
|
| English circumscription |
07.5 (Nitrophilous tall herb communities)
Class: Galio-Urticetea dioicae
|
| English circumscription |
09.1 (Subalpine-alpine green alder and willow communities)
Class: Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis
|
| English circumscription |
09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs)
Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
|
| English circumscription |
10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests)
Class: Carpino-Fagetea
|
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