| species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
| BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
| Sonchus palustris L. |
Asteraceae » |
Sumpf-Gänsedistel
|
| reference |
|
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
| Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
| Sonchus palustris L. |
accepted |
|
| Chromosome number » |
| Basic chromosome number |
9 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
18 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
2 (diploid) |
| Ploidy type |
D (diploid with haploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Albers, F. 1998: Chromosomenzahlen der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. In: Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. (Hrsg.) Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, S. 562-616, Ulmer, Stuttgart |
| Basic chromosome number |
9 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
54 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
6 (hexaploid) |
| Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Albers, F. 1998: Chromosomenzahlen der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. In: Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. (Hrsg.) Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, S. 562-616, Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
| Life form » |
| Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life span » |
| Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Vegetative propagation » |
| Vegetative propagation |
rh (Rhizome) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Vegetative propagation |
ws (Root shoot) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Storage organs » |
| Storage organs |
rh (Rhizome) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Shoot metamorphoses » |
| Shoot metamorphoses |
rh (Rhizome) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Root metamorphoses » |
| Root metamorphoses |
ws (Root shoot) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Rosettes » |
| Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| special references:
|
| Hutchinson, I., Colosi, J., Lewin, R.A. 1984: The biology of Canadian weeds. 63. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill and S. oleraceus L.. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 64:731-744
|
| Meusel, H. 1952: Über Wuchsform, Verbreitung und Phylogenie einiger mediterran mitteleuropäischer Angiospermen-Gattungen. Flora 139:333-393
|
| Lukasiewicz, A. 1962: Morfologizno-rozwojowe typy bylin (Morphologic development types of perennials). The Poznan Soc. of Friends of Science. Dept. math. -nat. Sci. Publ. Ser. Biol. (Posen) 27:1-398
|
| Irmisch, T. 1860: Kurze Bemerkungen über die perennierenden Sonchus-Arten der deutschen Flora. Verhandlungen der Botanischen Vereinigung Berlin Brandenburg 2:117-122
|
|
| Flowering phenology » |
| Begin of flowering (months) |
7 |
| End of flowering (months) |
9 |
| Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
| Number of flowering phases |
0 |
| Symphenological Groups » |
| Phenological group |
8 (Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum-Phase)
Phenological season: midsummer |
| Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
| Type of reproduction » |
| Type of reproduction |
sv (by seed and vegetatively) |
| Reference |
Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn |
| Type of seed production » |
| Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
| Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: Sexuelle Samenproduktion, da keine Apomikten in Gattung bekannt |
| Dicliny » |
| Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dichogamy » |
| Dichogamy |
a2 (protandrous) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Pollen vector » |
| Pollen vector |
se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
unknown [0] |
| Reference |
Frank, D., Klotz, S. 1990: Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora der DDR. Wissenschaftliche Beiträge Martin-Luther Univ. Halle-Wittenberg Vol. 32 (P41) |
| Systematic reference |
genus [G] |
| Pollen vector |
in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
unknown [0] |
| Reference |
Frank, D., Klotz, S. 1990: Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora der DDR. Wissenschaftliche Beiträge Martin-Luther Univ. Halle-Wittenberg Vol. 32 (P41) |
| Systematic reference |
genus [G] |
| Flower color » |
| Flower colour |
golden yellow |
| Basic flower colour |
g (yellow) |
| Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
| UV reflection of the flower » |
| UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
5 (40-66 %) |
| UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
| UV reflection pattern |
1 (UV reflectance pattern present) |
| Flower class after MUELLER » |
| Flower class after MUELLER |
B` (flower associations with totally hidden nectar)
Typical pollinators: bees, bumble bees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids |
| Flower type after KUGLER » |
| Flower type after KUGLER |
7.2b (flower heads, Asteraceae, only ray flowers) |
|
| Fruit type » |
| Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
| Diaspore type » |
| Diaspore type |
F (fruit) |
| Diaspore type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Germinule type » |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
|
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Weights » |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.4 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.5 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.5 |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.4 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.5 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.5 |
| Sizes » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
3.0 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
3.5 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
4.0 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.0 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
1.0 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.4 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.5 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.5 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.8 |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
3.0 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
3.5 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
4.0 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
|
| Width (mean) [mm] |
|
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
|
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
| Height (mean) [mm] |
|
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
| special references:
|
| Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
| Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
| Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
| Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
|
| Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
|
|
| Grassland utilization indicator values » |
| Occurrence |
N (fallow lands) |
| Guild |
K (forb) |
| Mowing tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to mowing)) |
| Grazing tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to grazing)) |
| Trampling tolerance |
1 (intolerant to trampling) |
| Foraging value |
2 (no or little forage value) |
| Foraging value for deer |
|
|
| Habitat » |
| Habitat |
L5.2.5 (null)
Alliance: Convolvulion sepium
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
vor allem in Mädesüß-Uferfluren |
|
| Class » |
| English circumscription |
01.6 (Communities of reeds and tall sedges)
Class: Phragmito-Magnocaricetea
|
| English circumscription |
05.4 (Commercially used grasslands)
Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
|
| English circumscription |
06.5 (Eusiberian ruderal mugwort and thistles communities, and couch-grasslands)
Class: Artemisietea vulgaris
|
| English circumscription |
07.5 (Nitrophilous tall herb communities)
Class: Galio-Urticetea dioicae
|
|
|
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