species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl |
Poaceae » |
Gewwöhnlicher Glatthafer
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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|
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) P. Beauv. ex J. Presl & C. Presl |
accepted |
Avena elata Salisb., non Forssk. 1775 |
Synonym |
Holcus avenaceus Scop. |
Synonym |
Arrhenatherum avenaceum (Scop.) P. Beauv. |
Synonym |
Avena elatior L. |
Basionym |
>Arrhenatherum elatius var. elatius |
accepted |
>Arrhenatherum elatius subsp. elatius |
Synonym |
>Arrhenatherum elatius var. subhirtus (Asch.) Podp. |
Synonym |
>Avena elatius var. subhirta Asch. |
Synonym |
>Arrhenatherum elatius var. bulbosum (Willd.) Spenn. |
accepted |
>Arrhenatherum elatius subsp. bulbosum (Willd.) Schübl. & Martens |
Synonym |
>Avena bulbosa Willd. |
Basionym |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
7 |
Chromosome number 2n |
14 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
|
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
7 |
Chromosome number 2n |
42 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
|
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
DNA content » |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
16.0 |
Chromosome number |
28 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345 |
|
Life form » |
Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Vegetative propagation » |
Vegetative propagation |
sk (Shoot tuber) |
Qualifier |
sometimes [2] |
Storage organs » |
Storage organs |
h (Tuft) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Storage organs |
sk (Shoot tuber) |
Qualifier |
sometimes [2] |
Shoot metamorphoses » |
Shoot metamorphoses |
sk (Shoot tuber) |
Qualifier |
sometimes [2] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Pfitzenmeyer, C.D.C. 1962: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.&C.Presl (Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv.). Journal of Ecology 50:235-245
|
Hensen, I. 1997: Life strategies of xerothermic grasslands - mechanisms of reproduction and colonization within Stipetum capillatae s.l. and Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati. Feddes Repertorium 108:425-452
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Wilhalm, T. 1995: A comparative study of clonal fragmentation in tussock-forming grasses. Abstr. Bot. 19:51-60
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Briemle, G., Schreiber, K.F. 1994: Zur Frage der Beeinflussung pflanzlicher Lebens- und Wuchsformen durch unterschiedliche Landschaftspflegemaßnahmen. Tuexenia 14:229-244
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Mühlberg, H. 1967: Die Wuchstypen mitteleuropäischer Poaceen. Hercynia N. F. 4:11-50
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|
Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
6 |
End of flowering (months) |
10 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
5 |
Number of flowering phases |
2 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
6 (Cornus sanguinea-Melica uniflora-Phase) Phenological season: start of early summer |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
ssv (mostly by seed, rarely vegetatively) |
Reference |
Pfitzenmeyer, C.D.C. 1962: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.&C.Presl (Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv.). Journal of Ecology 50:235-245 |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Pfitzenmeyer, C.D.C. 1962: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.&C.Presl (Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv.). Journal of Ecology 50:235-245 |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
am (andromonoecious) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
I+ (± self-incompatibel) |
Reference |
Pfitzenmeyer, C.D.C. 1962: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.&C.Presl (Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv.). Journal of Ecology 50:235-245 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SI (self-incompatibel) |
Reference |
Smith, D.C. 1944: Pollination and seed formation in grasses. Journal of Agricultural Research 68:79-95 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
SI mechanism » |
SI mechanism |
GSI (gametophytic self-incompatibility) |
Reference |
de Nettancourt, D. 1977: Incompatibility in angiosperms. Springer, Berlin |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
wi (wind) Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Pfitzenmeyer, C.D.C. 1962: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.&C.Presl (Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv.). Journal of Ecology 50:235-245 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
rare [4] |
Reference |
Pfitzenmeyer, C.D.C. 1962: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.&C.Presl (Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv.). Journal of Ecology 50:235-245 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
Reference |
Fryxell, P.M. 1957: Modes of reproduction of higher plants. The Botanical Review 23:135-233 |
P/O ratio » |
P/O ratio |
37124.0 |
Reference |
Pohl, F. 1937: Die Pollenerzeugung der Windblütler. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt, Abt. A 56:365-470 |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
W (wind flowers) Typical pollinators: - |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
0 (not applicable) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
TFSt (part of infructescence) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
sometimes [2] |
Development of additional appendages |
|
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
TFSt (part of infructescence) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
always [1] |
Development of additional appendages |
always [1] |
Weights » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
Weight (mean) [mg] |
2.4 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
TFSt (part of infructescence) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
2.6 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
3.3 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
3.6 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
TFSt (part of infructescence) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
2.6 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
3.3 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
3.6 |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.6 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
3.8 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
5.0 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
1.2 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.2 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
TFSt (part of infructescence) |
Constraint |
True |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
6.8 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
8.8 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
10.8 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
1.5 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
2.0 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
3.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
1.3 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.8 |
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
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Häfliger, T.J., Scholz, H. 1981: Grass weeds. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basel (Gattung)
|
Kaltofen, H., Schrader, A. 1991: Gräser. Biologie - Bestimmung - Wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. DVL, Berlin (Gattung)
|
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
|
Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
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|
Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
GE (little used grasslands) |
Guild |
G (grass) |
Mowing tolerance |
6 (between 5 and 7 (moderately tolerant to well tolerant to mowing)) |
Grazing tolerance |
3 (sensitive to grazing) |
Trampling tolerance |
3 (sensitive to trampling) |
Foraging value |
8 (between 7 and 9 (high to best forage value)) |
Foraging value for deer |
4 (between 3 and 5 (little to intermediate forage value)) |
|
Habitat » |
Habitat |
T1.1.2.5 (null) Alliance: Quercion robori-petraeae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T10.3.3.1 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T10.3.4.1 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T3.1.6 (null) Alliance: Calamagrostion villosae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T5.1.2.1 (null) Alliance: Stipion calamagrostis
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T7.1.2 (null) Alliance: Arrhenatherion
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T8.1.2.2 (null) Alliance: Trifolion medii
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
|
Class » |
English circumscription |
05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands) Class: Festuco-Brometea
|
English circumscription |
05.4 (Commercially used grasslands) Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
|
English circumscription |
06.5 (Eusiberian ruderal mugwort and thistles communities, and couch-grasslands) Class: Artemisietea vulgaris
|
English circumscription |
07.1 (Thermophilous and mesophilous forest grassland ecotones) Class: Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei
|
English circumscription |
07.5 (Nitrophilous tall herb communities) Class: Galio-Urticetea dioicae
|
English circumscription |
09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs) Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
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