| species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
| BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
| Trientalis europaea L. |
Primulaceae » |
Europäischer Siebenstern
|
| reference |
|
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
| Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
| Trientalis europaea L. |
accepted |
|
| Chromosome number » |
| Basic chromosome number |
10 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
160 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
16 (16-ploid) |
| Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
| Life form » |
| Life form |
G (Geophyte) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life span » |
| Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Vegetative propagation » |
| Vegetative propagation |
a (Runner) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Vegetative propagation |
ak (Runner with tuberous tip) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Storage organs » |
| Storage organs |
a (Runner) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Storage organs |
ak (Runner with tuberous tip) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Shoot metamorphoses » |
| Shoot metamorphoses |
a (Runner) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Shoot metamorphoses |
ak (Runner with tuberous tip) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Rosettes » |
| Rosettes |
r (Erosulate plant) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| special references:
|
| Hiirsalmi, H. 1969: Trientalis europaea L. A study of the reproductive biology, ecology and variation in Finland. Ann Bot Fenn. 6:119-173
|
| Warming, E. 1918: Om Jordudløbere. K. Dansk. Selsk. Vidensk. Skr. , Naturvid. og Mathem. Afd. 8. R. II:295-378
|
| Söyrinki, N. 1939: Studien ber die generative und vegetative Vermehrung der Samenpflanzen in der alpinen Vegetation Petsamo-Lapplands. Ann. Bot. Soc. "Vanamo" 14:1-404
|
| Piqueras, J., Klimes, L., Redbo-Torstensson, P. 1999: Modelling the morphological response to nutrient availability in the clonal plant Trientalis europaea L.. Plant Ecology 141:117-127
|
| Piqueras, J., Klimes, L. 1998: Demography and modelling of clonal fragments in the pseudoannual plant Trientalis europaea L.. Plant Ecology 136:213-227
|
| Kovanda, K. 1995: Reproductive strategy and morphological variation in Trientalis europaea. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft Österreich 132:251-264
|
| Dong, M., During, H.J., Werger, M.J.A. 1997: Clonal plasticity in response to nutrient availability in the pseudoannual herb, Trientalis europaea. Plant Ecology 131:233-239
|
| Golubev, V.N. 1957: Materialy k ekologo-morfologiceskoj i geneticeskoj charakteristikje zhizjennych form travjanistych rastenij. Botaniceskij Zhurnal 42:1055-1072
|
| Eber, W. 1996: Modularer Bau und klonales Wachstum bei krautigen Pflanzen. Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Ökologie 25:225-233
|
| Ebel, F., Mühlberg, H. 1987: Vergleichend-ökomorphologische Untersuchungen an Pflanzen-Taxa eines Trocken- und Feuchtbiotops. Hercynia N. F. 24:408-424
|
| Mätsevainio, K. 1931: Untersuchungen ber das Wurzelsystem der Moorpflanzen. Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool. -Bot. Fenn. Vanamo 1:1-418
|
|
| Flowering phenology » |
| Begin of flowering (months) |
5 |
| End of flowering (months) |
7 |
| Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
| Number of flowering phases |
0 |
| Symphenological Groups » |
| Phenological group |
4 (Fagus-Lamiastrum-Phase)
Phenological season: start of mid spring |
| Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
| Type of reproduction » |
| Type of reproduction |
vvs (mostly vegetatively, rarely by seed) |
| Reference |
Hiirsalmi, H. 1969: Trientalis europaea L. A study of the reproductive biology, ecology and variation in Finland. Ann Bot Fenn. 6:119-173 |
| Type of seed production » |
| Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dicliny » |
| Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dichogamy » |
| Dichogamy |
g2 (protogynous) |
| Reference |
Hiirsalmi, H. 1969: Trientalis europaea L. A study of the reproductive biology, ecology and variation in Finland. Ann Bot Fenn. 6:119-173 |
| Dichogamy |
g1 (slightly protogynous) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
C+ (± self-compatibel) |
| Reference |
Hiirsalmi, H. 1969: Trientalis europaea L. A study of the reproductive biology, ecology and variation in Finland. Ann Bot Fenn. 6:119-173 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SI (self-incompatibel) |
| Reference |
East, E.M. 1940: The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82:449-518 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector » |
| Pollen vector |
se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
at failure of outcrossing [7] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector |
in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
the rule [2] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Breeding system » |
| Breeding system |
X (allogamous) |
| Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: xenogam, da SI |
| Floral rewards » |
| Floral rewards |
2 (pollen) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Amount of floral reward |
4 (plenty) |
| Flower color » |
| Flower colour |
white |
| Basic flower colour |
w (white) |
| Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
| UV reflection of the flower » |
| UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
| UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
1 (0-7 %) |
| UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
| Flower class after MUELLER » |
| Flower class after MUELLER |
Po (pollen flowers)
Typical pollinators: short tongued bees, syrphids, flies, beetles |
| Flower type after KUGLER » |
| Flower type after KUGLER |
1.1 (pollen flower) |
|
| Fruit type » |
| Fruit type |
Ka (capsule) |
| Diaspore type » |
| Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
| Germinule type » |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Germinule type |
S (seed) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
|
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| special references:
|
| Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
| Vogler, P. 1901: Ueber die Verbreitungsmittel der schweizerischen Alpenpflanzen. Flora 89 (Ergänzungsband zum Jg.1901):1-137 (Gattung)
|
|
| Habitat » |
| Habitat |
S3.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
S3.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T1.1.1.1 (null)
Alliance: Luzulo-Fagenion
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T1.1.2.5 (null)
Alliance: Quercion robori-petraeae
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
|
| Class » |
| English circumscription |
07.4 (Communities of clear-felled areas)
Class: Epilobietea angustifolii
|
| English circumscription |
08.4 (Heather and gorse heathlands)
Class: Calluno-Ulicetea
|
| English circumscription |
09.2 (Acidic deciduous bush communities)
Class: Franguletea
|
| English circumscription |
10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests)
Class: Carpino-Fagetea
|
| English circumscription |
10.3 (Birch-oak forests)
Class: Quercetea robori-petraeae
|
| English circumscription |
10.8 (Boreal-continental coniferous forests with dwarf scrubs)
Class: Vaccinio-Piceetea
|
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