| species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
| BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
| Vaccinium myrtillus L. |
Ericaceae » |
Heidelbeere
Blaubeere
|
| reference |
|
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
| Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
| Vaccinium myrtillus L. |
accepted |
|
| Life form » |
| Life form |
S (Hemiphanerophyte) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life span » |
| Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Vegetative propagation » |
| Vegetative propagation |
a (Runner) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Shoot metamorphoses » |
| Shoot metamorphoses |
a (Runner) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Rosettes » |
| Rosettes |
r (Erosulate plant) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| special references:
|
| Ritchie, J.C. 1956: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Vaccinium myrtillus L.. Journal of Ecology 44:291-299
|
| Lidforss, B. 1907: Wintergrüne Flora. Lunds Univ. Arsskr. N. F. , Afd. 2, Bd. 2, Nr. 13:1-76
|
| Warming, E. 1908: The structure and biology of arctic flowering plants I. 1. Ericinae (Ericaceae, Pirolaceae). 1. Morphology and biology. Medd. om Groenl. 36 (1912):1-71
|
| Söyrinki, N. 1939: Studien ber die generative und vegetative Vermehrung der Samenpflanzen in der alpinen Vegetation Petsamo-Lapplands. Ann. Bot. Soc. "Vanamo" 14:1-404
|
| Briemle, G., Schreiber, K.F. 1994: Zur Frage der Beeinflussung pflanzlicher Lebens- und Wuchsformen durch unterschiedliche Landschaftspflegemaßnahmen. Tuexenia 14:229-244
|
| Rauh, W. 1937: Beiträge zur Morphologie und Biologie der Holzgewächse. I. Entwicklungsgeschichte und Verzweigungsverhältnisse arktisch-alpiner Spaliersträucher. Nova Acta Leopold. N. F. 5:289-348
|
| Kästner, A., Karrer, G. 1995: Übersicht der Wuchsformentypen als Grundlage für deren Erfassung in der "Flora von Österreich". Florae Austriacae Novit. 3:1-51
|
| Rauh, W. 1938: Über die Verzweigung ausläuferbildender Sträucher mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Beziehung zu den Stauden. Hercynia 1:187-231
|
|
| Flowering phenology » |
| Begin of flowering (months) |
4 |
| End of flowering (months) |
8 |
| Duration of flowering (months) |
5 |
| Number of flowering phases |
0 |
| Symphenological Groups » |
| Phenological group |
4 (Fagus-Lamiastrum-Phase)
Phenological season: start of mid spring |
| Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
| Type of reproduction » |
| Type of reproduction |
vvs (mostly vegetatively, rarely by seed) |
| Reference |
Ritchie, J.C. 1956: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Vaccinium myrtillus L.. Journal of Ecology 44:291-299 |
| Type of seed production » |
| Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dicliny » |
| Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dichogamy » |
| Dichogamy |
a1 (slightly protandrous) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
| Reference |
East, E.M. 1940: The distribution of self-sterility in the flowering plants. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 82:449-518 |
| Systematic reference |
genus [G] |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
C+ (± self-compatibel) |
| Reference |
Hokanson, K., Hancock, J. 2000: Early-acting inbreeding depression in three species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae). Sexual Plant Reproduction 13:145-150 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
I+ (± self-incompatibel) |
| Reference |
Fröborg, H. 1996: Pollination and seed production in five boreal species of Vaccinium and Andromeda (Ericaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany 74:1363-1368 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| SI mechanism » |
| SI mechanism |
ID (inbreeding depression) |
| Reference |
Hokanson, K., Hancock, J. 2000: Early-acting inbreeding depression in three species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae). Sexual Plant Reproduction 13:145-150 |
| Pollen vector » |
| Pollen vector |
se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
at failure of outcrossing [7] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector |
in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
the rule [2] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Breeding system » |
| Breeding system |
AF (facultative autogamous) |
| Reference |
Ritchie, J.C. 1956: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Vaccinium myrtillus L.. Journal of Ecology 44:291-299 |
| P/O ratio » |
| P/O ratio |
582.5 |
| Reference |
Jacquemart, A.L., Thompson, J.D. 1996: Floral and pollination biology of three sympatric Vaccinium (Ericaceae) species in the Upper Ardennes, Belgium. Canadian Journal of Botany 74:210-221 |
| Floral rewards » |
| Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Amount of floral reward |
4 (plenty) |
| Flower color » |
| Flower colour |
whitish green to reddish green |
| Basic flower colour |
w (white) |
| Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
| UV reflection of the flower » |
| UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
| UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
0 (unknown) |
| UV reflection pattern |
2 (unknown) |
| Flower class after MUELLER » |
| Flower class after MUELLER |
BHb (transition type flowers with totally hidden nectar - bee flowers in a narrow sense)
Typical pollinators: bees, toung < 7 mm |
| Flower type after KUGLER » |
| Flower type after KUGLER |
3.1 (bell shaped flowers with powdery pollen) |
|
| Fruit type » |
| Fruit type |
Be (berry) |
| Diaspore type » |
| Diaspore type |
F (fruit) |
| Germinule type » |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Germinule type |
S (seed) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
|
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Weights » |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
203.0 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
249.2 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
346.0 |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
|
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.3 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
|
| Sizes » |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
3.0 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
5.1 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
6.0 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
3.0 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
4.6 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
5.3 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
3.0 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
4.1 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
5.0 |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
1.2 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
1.3 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
1.5 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.5 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
0.7 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
0.8 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.4 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.5 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.6 |
| special references:
|
| Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
| Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
| Ritchie, J.C. 1955: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.. Journal of Ecology 43:701-708 (Gattung)
|
| Jacquemart, A.L. 1997: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Vaccinium oxycoccos L. (Oxycoccus palustris Pers.) and Vaccinium microcarpum (Turcz. ex Rupr.) Schmalh. (Oxycoccus microcarpus Turcz. ex Rupr.). Journal of Ecology 85:381-396 (Gattung)
|
| Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
| Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
| Vander Kloet, S.P. 1983: The taxonomy of Vaccinium & Oxycoccus. Rhodora 85: (Gattung)
|
|
| Grassland utilization indicator values » |
| Occurrence |
W (forest edges and related ecotones) |
| Guild |
H (woody plant) |
| Mowing tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to mowing)) |
| Grazing tolerance |
3 (sensitive to grazing) |
| Trampling tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to trampling)) |
| Foraging value |
2 (no or little forage value) |
| Foraging value for deer |
9 (best forage value) |
|
| Habitat » |
| Habitat |
S1.3.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T1.1.1.1 (null)
Alliance: Luzulo-Fagenion
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T1.1.2.5 (null)
Alliance: Quercion robori-petraeae
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T1.4.3 (null)
Alliance: ???
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
|
| Class » |
| English circumscription |
05.6 (Acidic mat-grass communities)
Class: Nardetea strictae
|
| English circumscription |
07.3 (Acidophilous forest grassland ecotones)
Class: Melampyro-Holcetea mollis
|
| English circumscription |
07.4 (Communities of clear-felled areas)
Class: Epilobietea angustifolii
|
| English circumscription |
08.2 (Arctic-alpine wind-exposed heathlands)
Class: Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea
|
| English circumscription |
08.4 (Heather and gorse heathlands)
Class: Calluno-Ulicetea
|
| English circumscription |
09.1 (Subalpine-alpine green alder and willow communities)
Class: Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis
|
| English circumscription |
09.2 (Acidic deciduous bush communities)
Class: Franguletea
|
| English circumscription |
09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs)
Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
|
| English circumscription |
10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests)
Class: Carpino-Fagetea
|
| English circumscription |
10.3 (Birch-oak forests)
Class: Quercetea robori-petraeae
|
| English circumscription |
10.7 (Snow-heather pine-forests)
Class: Erico-Pinetea
|
| English circumscription |
10.8 (Boreal-continental coniferous forests with dwarf scrubs)
Class: Vaccinio-Piceetea
|
| English circumscription |
10.9 (Bog bilberry pine-forests)
Class: Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetea
|
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