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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre Polygonaceae » Wasser-Knöterich
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre accepted
Polygonum amphibium L. Basionym
Polygonum amphibium var. aquaticum Leers Synonym
Polygonum amphibium var. terrestre Leers Synonym
Polygonum amphibium f. terrestre Synonym
Polygonum amphibium f. aquaticum Synonym
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 0 (not specified)
Reference unbekannt
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 11
Chromosome number 2n 66
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 6 (hexaploid)
Ploidy type R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number)
Reference Albers, F. 1998: Chromosomenzahlen der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. In: Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. (Hrsg.) Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, S. 562-616, Ulmer, Stuttgart
Basic chromosome number 11
Chromosome number 2n 88
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 8 (octoploid)
Ploidy type R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number)
Reference Albers, F. 1998: Chromosomenzahlen der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. In: Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. (Hrsg.) Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, S. 562-616, Ulmer, Stuttgart
Basic chromosome number 12
Chromosome number 2n 96
Chromosome number (Germany) False
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 8 (octoploid)
Ploidy type R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number)
Reference Albers, F. 1998: Chromosomenzahlen der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands. In: Wisskirchen, R., Haeupler, H. (Hrsg.) Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, S. 562-616, Ulmer, Stuttgart
 
group of traits: DNA content »
DNA content »
DNA content (pg/2C) 2.0
Chromosome number 66
Quality chromosome number missing in original source; the most common number was added [f]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 False
Reference Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBBBBBBBBABAABCF
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form H (Hemicryptophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span p (pluriennial-pollakanthic)
Qualifier always [1]
Vegetative propagation »
Vegetative propagation a (Runner)
Qualifier always [1]
Storage organs »
Storage organs a (Runner)
Qualifier always [1]
Shoot metamorphoses »
Shoot metamorphoses a (Runner)
Qualifier always [1]
Rosettes »
Rosettes r (Erosulate plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Partridge, J.W. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Persicaria amphibia (L.) Gray (Polygonum amphibium L.). Journal of Ecology 89:487-501
Gustafsson, A. 1948: Polyploidy, life-form and vegetative reproduction. Hereditas 34:1-22
Ebel, F., Mühlberg, H. 1987: Vergleichend-ökomorphologische Untersuchungen an Pflanzen-Taxa eines Trocken- und Feuchtbiotops. Hercynia N. F. 24:408-424
Irmisch, T. 1861: Über Polygonum amphibium, Lysimachia vulgaris, Comarum palustre und Menyanthes trifoliata. Bot. Ztg. 19:212-125
Ujvárosi, M. 1952: Die Unkrautarten der ungarischen Ackerböden und ihre Lebensformanalyse. Acta Agron. Hung. 2:237-274
Håkansson, S. 1982: Multiplication, growth and persistence of perennial weeds. In: Holzner, W., Numata, N. (Hrsg.) Biology and ecology of weeds, S. 123-135, Junk Publ., The Hague
Glück, H. 1924: Biologische und morphologische Untersuchungen über Wasser- und Sumpfgewächse. 4. Aufl., Jena
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence s (summer green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy e (helomorphic)
Leaf anatomy a (hydromorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form norm (simple)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 6
End of flowering (months) 9
Duration of flowering (months) 4
Number of flowering phases 0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 6 (Cornus sanguinea-Melica uniflora-Phase)
Phenological season: start of early summer
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction vvs (mostly vegetatively, rarely by seed)
Reference Partridge, J.W. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Persicaria amphibia (L.) Gray (Polygonum amphibium L.). Journal of Ecology 89:487-501
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference Partridge, J.W. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Persicaria amphibia (L.) Gray (Polygonum amphibium L.). Journal of Ecology 89:487-501
Dicliny »
Dicliny gm (gynomonoecious)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dicliny gd (gynodioecious)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference Partridge, J.W. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Persicaria amphibia (L.) Gray (Polygonum amphibium L.). Journal of Ecology 89:487-501
Heterostyly »
Heterostyly d (distylous)
Hetero/homostyly: e
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SI (self-incompatibel)
Reference Bengt, J. (Hrsg.) 2000: Flora Nordica 1. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm
Systematic reference species [S]
SI mechanism »
SI mechanism U (unknown mechanism)
Reference unbekannt
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Partridge, J.W. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Persicaria amphibia (L.) Gray (Polygonum amphibium L.). Journal of Ecology 89:487-501
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system X (allogamous)
Reference Bengt, J. (Hrsg.) 2000: Flora Nordica 1. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm
P/O ratio »
P/O ratio 1500.0
Reference Partridge, J.W. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Persicaria amphibia (L.) Gray (Polygonum amphibium L.). Journal of Ecology 89:487-501
Floral rewards »
Floral rewards 1 (nectar)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Amount of floral reward 3 (present)
Flower color »
Flower colour pink
Basic flower colour ro (pink)
Reference Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin
UV reflection of the flower »
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower 1 (0-7 %)
UV reflection in the centre of the flower 1 (0-7 %)
UV reflection pattern 0 (no UV reflectance patterns)
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER B (flowers with totally hidden nectar)
Typical pollinators: bees, bumblebees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 3.2 (bell shaped flowers with sticky pollen)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type Nu (nut)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type FZb (fruit with appendage)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type F (fruit)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages  
Development of additional appendages  
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type FZb (fruit with appendage)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages  
Development of additional appendages always [1]
Weights »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 3.4
Weight (mean) [mg] 4.1
Weight (maximum) [mg] 4.5
Sizes »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore F (fruit)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 2.0
Length (mean) [mm] 2.6
Length (maximum) [mm] 3.5
Width (minimum) [mm] 1.7
Width (mean) [mm] 1.9
Width (maximum) [mm] 2.1
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.9
Height (mean) [mm] 1.1
Height (maximum) [mm] 1.2
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 3.0
Length (mean) [mm] 3.5
Length (maximum) [mm] 4.0
Width (minimum) [mm]  
Width (mean) [mm]  
Width (maximum) [mm]  
Height (minimum) [mm]  
Height (mean) [mm]  
Height (maximum) [mm]  
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore FZb (fruit with appendage)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 3.0
Length (mean) [mm] 3.5
Length (maximum) [mm] 4.0
Width (minimum) [mm]  
Width (mean) [mm]  
Width (maximum) [mm]  
Height (minimum) [mm]  
Height (mean) [mm]  
Height (maximum) [mm]  
special references:
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
Briemle, G. 1996: Farbatlas Kräuter und Gräser. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Gattung)
Partridge, J.W. 2001: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Persicaria amphibia (L.) Gray (Polygonum amphibium L.). Journal of Ecology 89:487-501 (Species)
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
Berggren, G. 1981: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 3 (Salicaceae-Cruciferaceae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
Häfliger, T.J., Wolf, M. 1988: Dicot Weeds. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basel (Gattung)
Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type cs (competitors/stress-tolerators)
 
group of traits: Indicator values for grassland species »
Grassland utilization indicator values »
Occurrence N (fallow lands)
Guild K (forb)
Mowing tolerance 5 (moderately tolerant to mowing)
Grazing tolerance 3 (sensitive to grazing)
Trampling tolerance 2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to trampling))
Foraging value 2 (no or little forage value)
Foraging value for deer  
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone m (meridional)
Altitudinal level m (montane)
Status natural range
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level m (montane)
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone b (boreal)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 4
Floristic region »
Floristic region c (circumpolar)
Continent of floristic region: c (circumpolar)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Hemeroby »
Hemeroby o (oligohemerobic)
Hemeroby m (mesohemerobic)
Hemeroby b (b-euhemerobic)
Hemeroby c (a-euhemerobic)
Hemeroby p (polyhemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 5
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity 2 (moderately urbanophobic)
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat L3.1.4.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat L3.1.5 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat L3.2.4.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat L3.2.5 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat L3.9.4.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat L3.9.5 (null)
Alliance: Phragmition australis
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 01.2 (Communities of aquatic plants rooting in the bed)
Class: Potamogetonetea pectinati
English circumscription 01.6 (Communities of reeds and tall sedges)
Class: Phragmito-Magnocaricetea
English circumscription 05.5 (Communities of flooded and trampled grasslands)
Class: Agrostietea stoloniferae
English circumscription 06.4 (Annual ruderal communities)
Class: Sisymbrietea officinalis
English circumscription 06.6 (Chickweed and other field weed communities)
Class: Stellarietea mediae
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
DNA content »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Indicator values for grassland species »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


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