| species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
| BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
| Persicaria maculosa Gray |
Polygonaceae » |
Floh-Knöterich
|
| reference |
|
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
| Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
| Persicaria maculosa Gray |
accepted |
| Polygonum persicaria L. |
Synonym |
| Persicaria mitis Delarbre |
Synonym |
| Persicaria mitis Gilib., nom. inval. (op. utique oppr.) |
Synonym |
| Polygonum biforme Wahlenb. |
Synonym |
| Polygonum ruderale Salisb., nom. illeg. (nom. superfl.) |
Synonym |
| Persicaria ruderalis C. Reed, nom. illeg. |
Synonym |
| Persicaria vulgaris Webb & Moq., nom. illeg. |
Synonym |
| Polygonum maculatum Raf. |
Synonym |
| Persicaria rivularis Opiz |
Synonym |
| Persicaria maculata (Raf.) Fourr., non Gray 1821, nom. illeg. |
Synonym |
|
| Chromosome number » |
| Basic chromosome number |
11 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
40 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
|
| Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
| Basic chromosome number |
11 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
44 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
4 (tetraploid) |
| Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
| DNA content » |
| DNA content (pg/2C) |
0.9 |
| Chromosome number |
44 |
| Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
| Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
| Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345 |
|
| Flowering phenology » |
| Begin of flowering (months) |
7 |
| End of flowering (months) |
10 |
| Duration of flowering (months) |
4 |
| Number of flowering phases |
0 |
| Symphenological Groups » |
| Phenological group |
8 (Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum-Phase)
Phenological season: midsummer |
| Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
| Type of reproduction » |
| Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
| Reference |
Simmonds, N.W. 1945: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Polygonum persicaria L.. Journal of Ecology 33:121-131 |
| Type of seed production » |
| Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
| Reference |
Holm, L., Doll, J., Holm, E., Pancho, J., Herberger, J. 1997: World Weeds. John Wiley & Sons, New York |
| Dicliny » |
| Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Simmonds, N.W. 1945: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Polygonum persicaria L.. Journal of Ecology 33:121-131 |
| Dichogamy » |
| Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
| Reference |
Simmonds, N.W. 1945: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Polygonum persicaria L.. Journal of Ecology 33:121-131 |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector » |
| Pollen vector |
se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
the rule [2] |
| Reference |
Simmonds, N.W. 1945: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Polygonum persicaria L.. Journal of Ecology 33:121-131 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector |
in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
possible [5] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Breeding system » |
| Breeding system |
AO (autogamous) |
| Reference |
Bengt, J. (Hrsg.) 2000: Flora Nordica 1. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm |
| Floral rewards » |
| Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Amount of floral reward |
2 (little) |
| Flower color » |
| Flower colour |
pink rarely pure white |
| Basic flower colour |
ro (pink) |
| Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
| Flower class after MUELLER » |
| Flower class after MUELLER |
B (flowers with totally hidden nectar)
Typical pollinators: bees, bumblebees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids |
| Flower type after KUGLER » |
| Flower type after KUGLER |
3.2 (bell shaped flowers with sticky pollen) |
|
| Fruit type » |
| Fruit type |
Nu (nut) |
| Diaspore type » |
| Diaspore type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Germinule type » |
| Heteromorphic type |
D1 (plane or biconvex germinule/with perigone or pappus) |
| Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
|
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Heteromorphic type |
D2 (triangular germinule/with perigone or pappus) |
| Germinule type |
F (fruit) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
|
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Heteromorphic type |
D2 (triangular germinule/with perigone or pappus) |
| Germinule type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
|
| Development of additional appendages |
always [1] |
| Heteromorphic type |
D1 (plane or biconvex germinule/with perigone or pappus) |
| Germinule type |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
|
| Development of additional appendages |
always [1] |
| Sizes » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
F (fruit) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
D1 (plane or biconvex germinule/with perigone or pappus) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
2.8 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
2.8 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
2.9 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
2.2 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
2.4 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
2.5 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.8 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.9 |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
D2 (triangular germinule/with perigone or pappus) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
3.4 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
3.5 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.5 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
2.0 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
2.1 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
2.2 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
| Height (mean) [mm] |
2.0 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
D1 (plane or biconvex germinule/with perigone or pappus) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
3.2 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
3.4 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.5 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
2.2 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
2.4 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
2.5 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.9 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.0 |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
D2 (triangular germinule/with perigone or pappus) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
3.4 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
3.5 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.5 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
2.0 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
2.1 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
2.2 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
|
| Height (mean) [mm] |
2.0 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
|
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
FZb (fruit with appendage) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
D1 (plane or biconvex germinule/with perigone or pappus) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
3.2 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
3.4 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
3.5 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
2.2 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
2.4 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
2.5 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.9 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.9 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
1.0 |
| special references:
|
| Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
| Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
|
| Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
| Briemle, G. 1996: Farbatlas Kräuter und Gräser. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Gattung)
|
| Simmonds, N.W. 1945: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Polygonum persicaria L.. Journal of Ecology 33:121-131 (Species)
|
| Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
| Berggren, G. 1981: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 3 (Salicaceae-Cruciferaceae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
|
| Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
| Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
|
| Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
|
| Häfliger, T.J., Wolf, M. 1988: Dicot Weeds. Documenta CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., Basel (Gattung)
|
| Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
|
|
| Grassland utilization indicator values » |
| Occurrence |
A (arable fields and gardens) |
| Guild |
K (forb) |
| Mowing tolerance |
3 (sensitive to mowing) |
| Grazing tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to grazing)) |
| Trampling tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to trampling)) |
| Foraging value |
2 (no or little forage value) |
| Foraging value for deer |
2 (no or little forage value) |
|
| Habitat » |
| Habitat |
L5.2.4.1 (null)
Alliance: Bidention tripartiti
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T8.3.1 (null)
Alliance: Sisymbrion
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
|
| Class » |
| English circumscription |
06.2 (Bur-marigold and orache bank communities)
Class: Bidentetea tripartitae
|
| English circumscription |
06.4 (Annual ruderal communities)
Class: Sisymbrietea officinalis
|
| English circumscription |
06.6 (Chickweed and other field weed communities)
Class: Stellarietea mediae
|
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