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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name family german name(s)
Epilobium angustifolium L. Onagraceae » Schmalblättriges Weidenröschen
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
 
Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Epilobium angustifolium L. accepted
Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub Synonym
Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. Synonym
 
group of traits: Status »
Floristic status »
Floristic status I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin 0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism 0 (not specified)
Reference unbekannt
 
group of traits: Chromosome number »
Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number 18
Chromosome number 2n 36
Chromosome number (Germany) True
Most common chromosome race False
Ploidy level 2 (diploid)
Ploidy type R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number)
Reference Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart
 
group of traits: DNA content »
DNA content »
DNA content (pg/2C) 0.8
Chromosome number 36
Quality chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b]
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 True
Reference Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345
 
group of traits: Phylogeny »
Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code BBBBBBBBBABBABABAABAB
 
group of traits: Morphology »
Life form »
Life form G (Geophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life form H (Hemicryptophyte)
Qualifier always [1]
Life span »
Life span p (pluriennial-pollakanthic)
Qualifier always [1]
Vegetative propagation »
Vegetative propagation ws (Root shoot)
Qualifier always [1]
Root metamorphoses »
Root metamorphoses ws (Root shoot)
Qualifier always [1]
Rosettes »
Rosettes r (Erosulate plant)
Qualifier always [1]
special references:
Myerscough, P.J. 1980: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Epilobium angustifolium L. (Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.). Journal of Ecology 68:1047-1074
Broderick, D.H. 1990: The biology of Canadian weeds. 93. Epilobium angustifolium L. (Onagraceae).. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70:247-259
Söyrinki, N. 1939: Studien ber die generative und vegetative Vermehrung der Samenpflanzen in der alpinen Vegetation Petsamo-Lapplands. Ann. Bot. Soc. "Vanamo" 14:1-404
Stöcklin, J. 1992: Differences in the location of subcotyledonary buds among Epilobium angustifolium L., E. dodonaei Vill. and E. fleischeri Hochst. (Onagraceae) and effects on architecture and population structure. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 108:35-47
Irmisch, T. 1857: Über die Keimung und Erneuerungsweise von Convolvulus sepium, C. arvensis, sowie über hypokotylische Adventivknospen bei krautigen phanerogamen Pflanzen. Bot. Ztg. 15:433-443
Sobey, D.G., Barkhouse, P. 1977: The structure and rate of growth of the rhizomes of some forest herbs and dwarf shrubs of the New Brunswick-Nova Scotia border region. Canadian Field Naturalist 91:377-383
Myerscough, P.J., Whitehead, F.H. 1967: Comparative biology of Tussilago farfara L., Chamaenerion angustifoium (L.) Scop., Epilobium montanum L. and Epilobium adenocaulon Hausskn. II. Growth and ecology. New Phytologist 66:785-823
Myerscough, P.J., Whitehead, F.H. 1966: Comparative biology of Tussilago farfara L., Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., Epilobium montanum L. and Epilobium adenocaulon Hausskn. I. General biology and germination. New Phytologist 65:192-210
Holm, T. 1925: On the development of buds upon roots and leaves. Annals of Botany 39:867-881
Beijerinck, M.W. 1887: Beobachtungen und Betrachtungen über Wurzelknospen und Nebenwurzeln. Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. , Afd. Natuurk. , Tweede Sect. 25:1-146
Wittrock, V.B. 1884: Über Wurzelsprosse bei krautigen Gewächsen, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf ihre verschiedene biologische Bedeutung. Biol. Centralbl. 17:227-232
Rubner, K. 1908: Die bayerischen Epilobienarten, -bastarde und -formen. Denkschr. Kgl. bayr. bot. Ges. Regensburg 9:110-262
Irmisch, T. 1850: Bemerkungen über Scrofularia nodosa L. und S. aquatica auct. (S. Erharti Stev.). Bot. Ztg. 8:168-169
Emery, A.E.H. 1955: The formation of buds on the roots of Chamaenerion angustifolium. Phytomorphology 5:139-145
Rauh, W. 1937: Die Bildung von Hypokotyl- und Wurzelsprossen und ihre Bedeutung für die Wuchsformen der Pflanzen. Nova Acta Leopold. N. F. 4:395-553
Raju, M.V., Steeves, T.A., Coupland, R.T. 1964: On the regeneration of root fragments of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). Weed Research 4:2-11
Kondrateva-Melvil, E.A. 1957: Shoot formation on roots in some herbaceous species. Vestn. Leningradsk. Univ. Ser. Biol. 1:21-37
 
group of traits: Leaf traits »
Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence s (summer green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy m (mesomorphic)
Leaf anatomy y (hygromorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form lang (long-leaf)
 
group of traits: Flowering phenology »
Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months) 7
End of flowering (months) 8
Duration of flowering (months) 2
Number of flowering phases 0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group 8 (Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum-Phase)
Phenological season: midsummer
Reference Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560
 
group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »
Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction sv (by seed and vegetatively)
Reference Broderick, D.H. 1990: The biology of Canadian weeds. 93. Epilobium angustifolium L. (Onagraceae).. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70:247-259
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dicliny »
Dicliny so (hermaphroditic)
Abundance always [1]
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy a2 (protandrous)
Reference Erhardt, A., Stöcklin, J. 1993: Dichtung und Wahrheit in der Naturwissenschaft: Die Bestäubung von Epilobium angustifolium und Scrophularia nodosa. Dissertationes Botanicae 196:95-106
Dichogamy a3 (pronounced protandrous)
Reference Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility »
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility SC (self-compatibel)
Reference Broderick, D.H. 1990: The biology of Canadian weeds. 93. Epilobium angustifolium L. (Onagraceae).. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70:247-259
Systematic reference species [S]
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility I+ (± self-incompatibel)
Reference Erhardt, A., Stöcklin, J. 1993: Dichtung und Wahrheit in der Naturwissenschaft: Die Bestäubung von Epilobium angustifolium und Scrophularia nodosa. Dissertationes Botanicae 196:95-106
Systematic reference species [S]
SI mechanism »
SI mechanism PSI (postcygotic self-incompatibility)
Reference Sage, T.L., Bertin, R.I., Williams, E.G. 1994: Ovarian and other lacte-acting self-incompatibility systems. In: Williams, E.G., Clarke, A.E., Knox, R.B. (Hrsg.) Genetic control of self-incompatibility and reproductive development in flowering plants, S. 116-140, Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht
SI mechanism ID (inbreeding depression)
Reference Husband, B.C., Gurney, J.E. 1998: Offspring fitness and parental effects as a function of inbreeding in Epilobium angustifolium (Onagraceae). Heredity 80:173-179
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung)
Abundance rare [4]
Reference Erhardt, A., Stöcklin, J. 1993: Dichtung und Wahrheit in der Naturwissenschaft: Die Bestäubung von Epilobium angustifolium und Scrophularia nodosa. Dissertationes Botanicae 196:95-106
Systematic reference species [S]
Pollen vector in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung)
Abundance the rule [2]
Reference Broderick, D.H. 1990: The biology of Canadian weeds. 93. Epilobium angustifolium L. (Onagraceae).. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70:247-259
Systematic reference species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system XF (facultative allogamous)
Reference Husband, B.C., Schemske, D.W. 1997: The effect of inbreeding in diploid and tetraploid populations of Epilobium angustifolium (Onagraceae): Implications for the genetic basis of inbreeding depression. Evolution 51:737-746
P/O ratio »
P/O ratio 38.6
Reference Cruden, R.W., Jensen, K.G. 1979: Viscin threads, pollination efficiency and low pollen-ovule ratios. American Journal of Botany 66:875-879
Floral rewards »
Floral rewards 1 (nectar)
Reference Myerscough, P.J. 1980: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Epilobium angustifolium L. (Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.). Journal of Ecology 68:1047-1074
Amount of floral reward 4 (plenty)
Floral rewards 2 (pollen)
Reference Myerscough, P.J. 1980: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Epilobium angustifolium L. (Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.). Journal of Ecology 68:1047-1074
Amount of floral reward 4 (plenty)
Flower color »
Flower colour purple red
Basic flower colour pu (purple)
Reference Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin
UV reflection of the flower »
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower 2 (8-15 %)
UV reflection in the centre of the flower 2 (8-15 %)
UV reflection pattern 0 (no UV reflectance patterns)
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER B (flowers with totally hidden nectar)
Typical pollinators: bees, bumblebees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER 1.2ba (disk flowers with nectar ± hidden in centre of flower)
 
group of traits: Seed traits »
Fruit type »
Fruit type Ka (capsule)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type S (seed)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type S (seed)
Information available True
Development of nutritious appendages  
Development of flat appendages  
Development of elongated appendages sometimes [2]
Development of additional appendages  
Weights »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint True
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Weight (minimum) [mg] 0.0
Weight (mean) [mg] 0.1
Weight (maximum) [mg] 0.1
Sizes »
Measured object Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint True
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm] 0.8
Length (mean) [mm] 1.1
Length (maximum) [mm] 1.3
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.2
Width (mean) [mm] 0.4
Width (maximum) [mm] 0.5
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.2
Height (mean) [mm] 0.2
Height (maximum) [mm] 0.3
Measured object Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore S (seed)
Constraint False
Heteromorphic type n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm]  
Length (mean) [mm] 12.6
Length (maximum) [mm]  
Width (minimum) [mm] 0.2
Width (mean) [mm] 0.4
Width (maximum) [mm] 0.5
Height (minimum) [mm] 0.2
Height (mean) [mm] 0.2
Height (maximum) [mm] 0.3
special references:
Stöcklin, J., Favre, P. 1994: Effects of plant size and morphological constraints on variation in reproductive components in two related species of Epilobium. Journal of Ecology 82:735-746 (Gattung)
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
Briemle, G. 1996: Farbatlas Kräuter und Gräser. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Gattung)
Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
McDonald, A.W., Bakker, J.P., Vegelin, K. 1996: Seed bank classification and ist importance for the restoration of species-rich flood-meadows. Journal of Vegetation Science 7:157-164 (Gattung)
Stockey, A., Hunt, R. 1994: Predicting secondary succession in wetland mesocosms on the basis of autecological information on seeds and seedlings. Journal of Applied Ecology 31:543-559 (Gattung)
 
group of traits: Ecological strategy »
Strategy type »
Strategy type c (competitors)
 
group of traits: Indicator values for grassland species »
Grassland utilization indicator values »
Occurrence W (forest edges and related ecotones)
Guild K (forb)
Mowing tolerance 2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to mowing))
Grazing tolerance 2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to grazing))
Trampling tolerance 2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to trampling))
Foraging value 3 (little forage value)
Foraging value for deer 2 (no or little forage value)
 
group of traits: Range »
Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone m (meridional)
Altitudinal level m (montane)
Status natural range
Floristic zone e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level m (montane)
Status natural range
Floristic zone p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone n (northern temperate)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone b (boreal)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Floristic zone a (arctic)
Altitudinal level  
Status natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones 5
Oceanity »
Oceanity sks (weak subcontinental)
Amplitude of Oceanity: 4
Minimum level of oceantity: extreme central continental climate
Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate
Status natural range
Floristic region »
Floristic region c (circumpolar)
Continent of floristic region: c (circumpolar)
Status natural range
 
group of traits: Hemeroby »
Hemeroby »
Hemeroby m (mesohemerobic)
Hemeroby b (b-euhemerobic)
Hemeroby c (a-euhemerobic)
Hemeroby p (polyhemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels 4
 
group of traits: Urbanity »
Urbanity »
Urbanity 2 (moderately urbanophobic)
 
group of traits: Habitats »
Habitat »
Habitat L4.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation Ufer
Habitat L4.2 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation Ufer
Habitat L4.3 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation Ufer
Habitat L4.4 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation Ufer
Habitat T10.3.3.1 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation Wald
Habitat T10.4.3 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T10.4.5 (null)
Alliance: ???
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T2.2 (null)
Alliance: Epilobietea angustifolii
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
Habitat T3.1.1 (null)
Alliance: Adenostylion alliariae
Occurrence questionable False
Occurence restricted False
Annotation  
 
group of traits: Sociology »
Class »
English circumscription 07.2 (Alpine-montane tall herb and small-reed communities)
Class: Stellario nemorum-Geranietea sylvatici
English circumscription 07.4 (Communities of clear-felled areas)
Class: Epilobietea angustifolii
English circumscription 09.1 (Subalpine-alpine green alder and willow communities)
Class: Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis
English circumscription 09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs)
Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
English circumscription 10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests)
Class: Carpino-Fagetea
English circumscription 10.3 (Birch-oak forests)
Class: Quercetea robori-petraeae
English circumscription 10.8 (Boreal-continental coniferous forests with dwarf scrubs)
Class: Vaccinio-Piceetea
 
 
groups of traits for this species
Status »
Chromosome number »
DNA content »
Phylogeny »
Morphology »
Leaf traits »
Flowering phenology »
Floral and reproductive biology »
Seed traits »
Ecological strategy »
Indicator values for grassland species »
Range »
Hemeroby »
Urbanity »
Habitats »
Sociology »


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