species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Epilobium angustifolium L. |
Onagraceae » |
Schmalblättriges Weidenröschen
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Epilobium angustifolium L. |
accepted |
Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub |
Synonym |
Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. |
Synonym |
|
DNA content » |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
0.8 |
Chromosome number |
36 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345 |
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Life form » |
Life form |
G (Geophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
p (pluriennial-pollakanthic) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Vegetative propagation » |
Vegetative propagation |
ws (Root shoot) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Root metamorphoses » |
Root metamorphoses |
ws (Root shoot) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
r (Erosulate plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
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Myerscough, P.J. 1980: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Epilobium angustifolium L. (Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.). Journal of Ecology 68:1047-1074
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Broderick, D.H. 1990: The biology of Canadian weeds. 93. Epilobium angustifolium L. (Onagraceae).. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70:247-259
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Söyrinki, N. 1939: Studien ber die generative und vegetative Vermehrung der Samenpflanzen in der alpinen Vegetation Petsamo-Lapplands. Ann. Bot. Soc. "Vanamo" 14:1-404
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Stöcklin, J. 1992: Differences in the location of subcotyledonary buds among Epilobium angustifolium L., E. dodonaei Vill. and E. fleischeri Hochst. (Onagraceae) and effects on architecture and population structure. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 108:35-47
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Irmisch, T. 1857: Über die Keimung und Erneuerungsweise von Convolvulus sepium, C. arvensis, sowie über hypokotylische Adventivknospen bei krautigen phanerogamen Pflanzen. Bot. Ztg. 15:433-443
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Sobey, D.G., Barkhouse, P. 1977: The structure and rate of growth of the rhizomes of some forest herbs and dwarf shrubs of the New Brunswick-Nova Scotia border region. Canadian Field Naturalist 91:377-383
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Myerscough, P.J., Whitehead, F.H. 1967: Comparative biology of Tussilago farfara L., Chamaenerion angustifoium (L.) Scop., Epilobium montanum L. and Epilobium adenocaulon Hausskn. II. Growth and ecology. New Phytologist 66:785-823
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Myerscough, P.J., Whitehead, F.H. 1966: Comparative biology of Tussilago farfara L., Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop., Epilobium montanum L. and Epilobium adenocaulon Hausskn. I. General biology and germination. New Phytologist 65:192-210
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Holm, T. 1925: On the development of buds upon roots and leaves. Annals of Botany 39:867-881
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Beijerinck, M.W. 1887: Beobachtungen und Betrachtungen über Wurzelknospen und Nebenwurzeln. Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch. , Afd. Natuurk. , Tweede Sect. 25:1-146
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Wittrock, V.B. 1884: Über Wurzelsprosse bei krautigen Gewächsen, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf ihre verschiedene biologische Bedeutung. Biol. Centralbl. 17:227-232
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Rubner, K. 1908: Die bayerischen Epilobienarten, -bastarde und -formen. Denkschr. Kgl. bayr. bot. Ges. Regensburg 9:110-262
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Irmisch, T. 1850: Bemerkungen über Scrofularia nodosa L. und S. aquatica auct. (S. Erharti Stev.). Bot. Ztg. 8:168-169
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Emery, A.E.H. 1955: The formation of buds on the roots of Chamaenerion angustifolium. Phytomorphology 5:139-145
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Rauh, W. 1937: Die Bildung von Hypokotyl- und Wurzelsprossen und ihre Bedeutung für die Wuchsformen der Pflanzen. Nova Acta Leopold. N. F. 4:395-553
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Raju, M.V., Steeves, T.A., Coupland, R.T. 1964: On the regeneration of root fragments of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.). Weed Research 4:2-11
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Kondrateva-Melvil, E.A. 1957: Shoot formation on roots in some herbaceous species. Vestn. Leningradsk. Univ. Ser. Biol. 1:21-37
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Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
7 |
End of flowering (months) |
8 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
2 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
8 (Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum-Phase) Phenological season: midsummer |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
sv (by seed and vegetatively) |
Reference |
Broderick, D.H. 1990: The biology of Canadian weeds. 93. Epilobium angustifolium L. (Onagraceae).. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70:247-259 |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
always [1] |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Dichogamy » |
Dichogamy |
a2 (protandrous) |
Reference |
Erhardt, A., Stöcklin, J. 1993: Dichtung und Wahrheit in der Naturwissenschaft: Die Bestäubung von Epilobium angustifolium und Scrophularia nodosa. Dissertationes Botanicae 196:95-106 |
Dichogamy |
a3 (pronounced protandrous) |
Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
Reference |
Broderick, D.H. 1990: The biology of Canadian weeds. 93. Epilobium angustifolium L. (Onagraceae).. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70:247-259 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
I+ (± self-incompatibel) |
Reference |
Erhardt, A., Stöcklin, J. 1993: Dichtung und Wahrheit in der Naturwissenschaft: Die Bestäubung von Epilobium angustifolium und Scrophularia nodosa. Dissertationes Botanicae 196:95-106 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
SI mechanism » |
SI mechanism |
PSI (postcygotic self-incompatibility) |
Reference |
Sage, T.L., Bertin, R.I., Williams, E.G. 1994: Ovarian and other lacte-acting self-incompatibility systems. In: Williams, E.G., Clarke, A.E., Knox, R.B. (Hrsg.) Genetic control of self-incompatibility and reproductive development in flowering plants, S. 116-140, Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht |
SI mechanism |
ID (inbreeding depression) |
Reference |
Husband, B.C., Gurney, J.E. 1998: Offspring fitness and parental effects as a function of inbreeding in Epilobium angustifolium (Onagraceae). Heredity 80:173-179 |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
rare [4] |
Reference |
Erhardt, A., Stöcklin, J. 1993: Dichtung und Wahrheit in der Naturwissenschaft: Die Bestäubung von Epilobium angustifolium und Scrophularia nodosa. Dissertationes Botanicae 196:95-106 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector |
in (insects) Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Broderick, D.H. 1990: The biology of Canadian weeds. 93. Epilobium angustifolium L. (Onagraceae).. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 70:247-259 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
XF (facultative allogamous) |
Reference |
Husband, B.C., Schemske, D.W. 1997: The effect of inbreeding in diploid and tetraploid populations of Epilobium angustifolium (Onagraceae): Implications for the genetic basis of inbreeding depression. Evolution 51:737-746 |
P/O ratio » |
P/O ratio |
38.6 |
Reference |
Cruden, R.W., Jensen, K.G. 1979: Viscin threads, pollination efficiency and low pollen-ovule ratios. American Journal of Botany 66:875-879 |
Floral rewards » |
Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
Reference |
Myerscough, P.J. 1980: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Epilobium angustifolium L. (Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.). Journal of Ecology 68:1047-1074 |
Amount of floral reward |
4 (plenty) |
Floral rewards |
2 (pollen) |
Reference |
Myerscough, P.J. 1980: Biological Flora of the British Isles: Epilobium angustifolium L. (Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop.). Journal of Ecology 68:1047-1074 |
Amount of floral reward |
4 (plenty) |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
purple red |
Basic flower colour |
pu (purple) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
UV reflection of the flower » |
UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
2 (8-15 %) |
UV reflection pattern |
0 (no UV reflectance patterns) |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
B (flowers with totally hidden nectar) Typical pollinators: bees, bumblebees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
1.2ba (disk flowers with nectar ± hidden in centre of flower) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Ka (capsule) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
S (seed) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
sometimes [2] |
Development of additional appendages |
|
Weights » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
True |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.0 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.1 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.1 |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
True |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
0.8 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
1.1 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
1.3 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.4 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
0.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.2 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.3 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
|
Length (mean) [mm] |
12.6 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
|
Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.4 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
0.5 |
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.2 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.3 |
special references:
|
Stöcklin, J., Favre, P. 1994: Effects of plant size and morphological constraints on variation in reproductive components in two related species of Epilobium. Journal of Ecology 82:735-746 (Gattung)
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Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
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Thompson, K., Band, S.R., Hodgson, J.G. 1993: Seed size and shape predict persistence in soil. Functional Ecology 7:236-241 (Gattung)
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Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
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Briemle, G. 1996: Farbatlas Kräuter und Gräser. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Gattung)
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Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
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Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
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Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
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Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
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McDonald, A.W., Bakker, J.P., Vegelin, K. 1996: Seed bank classification and ist importance for the restoration of species-rich flood-meadows. Journal of Vegetation Science 7:157-164 (Gattung)
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Stockey, A., Hunt, R. 1994: Predicting secondary succession in wetland mesocosms on the basis of autecological information on seeds and seedlings. Journal of Applied Ecology 31:543-559 (Gattung)
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Grassland utilization indicator values » |
Occurrence |
W (forest edges and related ecotones) |
Guild |
K (forb) |
Mowing tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to mowing)) |
Grazing tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to grazing)) |
Trampling tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to trampling)) |
Foraging value |
3 (little forage value) |
Foraging value for deer |
2 (no or little forage value) |
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Habitat » |
Habitat |
L4.1 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
Ufer |
Habitat |
L4.2 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
Ufer |
Habitat |
L4.3 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
Ufer |
Habitat |
L4.4 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
Ufer |
Habitat |
T10.3.3.1 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
Wald |
Habitat |
T10.4.3 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T10.4.5 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T2.2 (null) Alliance: Epilobietea angustifolii
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T3.1.1 (null) Alliance: Adenostylion alliariae
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
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Class » |
English circumscription |
07.2 (Alpine-montane tall herb and small-reed communities) Class: Stellario nemorum-Geranietea sylvatici
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English circumscription |
07.4 (Communities of clear-felled areas) Class: Epilobietea angustifolii
|
English circumscription |
09.1 (Subalpine-alpine green alder and willow communities) Class: Betulo carpaticae-Alnetea viridis
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English circumscription |
09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs) Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
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English circumscription |
10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests) Class: Carpino-Fagetea
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English circumscription |
10.3 (Birch-oak forests) Class: Quercetea robori-petraeae
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English circumscription |
10.8 (Boreal-continental coniferous forests with dwarf scrubs) Class: Vaccinio-Piceetea
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