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Overview of all traits of a species

species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status)
BiolFlor-Name	family	german name(s)
Mercurialis ovata Sternb. & Hoppe	Euphorbiaceae »	Eiblättriges Bingelkraut
reference
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »

Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998)
Mercurialis ovata Sternb. & Hoppe	accepted
Mercurialis perennis subsp. ovata (Sterneck & Hoppe) Celak.	Synonym

group of traits: Status »

Floristic status »
Floristic status	I (indigenous)
Evolutionary origin »
Evolutionary origin	n (naturally)
Region of origin »
Region of origin	0 (not specified)
Endemism »
Endemism	0 (not specified)
Reference	unbekannt

group of traits: Chromosome number »

Chromosome number »
Basic chromosome number	8
Chromosome number 2n	16
Chromosome number (Germany)	False
Most common chromosome race	False
Ploidy level	2 (diploid)
Ploidy type	D (diploid with haploid basic number)
Reference	Goldblatt, P., Johnson, D.E. 1998: Index to plant chromosome numbers 1994-1995. Monographs in Systematic Botany 69:1-208
Basic chromosome number	8
Chromosome number 2n	34
Chromosome number (Germany)	False
Most common chromosome race	False
Ploidy level	4 (tetraploid)
Ploidy type	P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference	Goldblatt, P., Johnson, D.E. 1998: Index to plant chromosome numbers 1994-1995. Monographs in Systematic Botany 69:1-208
Basic chromosome number	8
Chromosome number 2n	48
Chromosome number (Germany)	False
Most common chromosome race	False
Ploidy level	6 (hexaploid)
Ploidy type	P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference	Goldblatt, P., Johnson, D.E. 1998: Index to plant chromosome numbers 1994-1995. Monographs in Systematic Botany 69:1-208
Basic chromosome number	8
Chromosome number 2n	56
Chromosome number (Germany)	False
Most common chromosome race	False
Ploidy level	6 (hexaploid)
Ploidy type	P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference	Goldblatt, P., Johnson, D.E. 1998: Index to plant chromosome numbers 1994-1995. Monographs in Systematic Botany 69:1-208
Basic chromosome number	8
Chromosome number 2n	40
Chromosome number (Germany)	False
Most common chromosome race	False
Ploidy level	5 (pentaploid)
Ploidy type	P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference	Goldblatt, P., Johnson, D.E. 1998: Index to plant chromosome numbers 1994-1995. Monographs in Systematic Botany 69:1-208
Basic chromosome number	8
Chromosome number 2n	33
Chromosome number (Germany)	False
Most common chromosome race	False
Ploidy level	4 (tetraploid)
Ploidy type	P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference	Goldblatt, P., Johnson, D.E. 1998: Index to plant chromosome numbers 1994-1995. Monographs in Systematic Botany 69:1-208
Basic chromosome number	8
Chromosome number 2n	32
Chromosome number (Germany)	True
Most common chromosome race	True
Ploidy level	4 (tetraploid)
Ploidy type	P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference	Krähenbühl, M., Küpfer, P. 1995: Le genre Mercurialis (Euphrbiaceae): cytogéographie et évolution du complexe polyploide des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc.. Candollea 50:411-430
Basic chromosome number	8
Chromosome number 2n	51
Chromosome number (Germany)	True
Most common chromosome race	False
Ploidy level	6 (hexaploid)
Ploidy type	P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference	Krähenbühl, M., Küpfer, P. 1995: Le genre Mercurialis (Euphrbiaceae): cytogéographie et évolution du complexe polyploide des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc.. Candollea 50:411-430
Basic chromosome number	8
Chromosome number 2n	47
Chromosome number (Germany)	False
Most common chromosome race	False
Ploidy level	6 (hexaploid)
Ploidy type	P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference	Goldblatt, P., Johnson, D.E. 1998: Index to plant chromosome numbers 1994-1995. Monographs in Systematic Botany 69:1-208
Basic chromosome number	8
Chromosome number 2n	49
Chromosome number (Germany)	True
Most common chromosome race	False
Ploidy level	6 (hexaploid)
Ploidy type	P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference	Krähenbühl, M., Küpfer, P. 1995: Le genre Mercurialis (Euphrbiaceae): cytogéographie et évolution du complexe polyploide des M. perennis L., M. ovata Sternb. & Hoppe et M. leiocarpa Sieb. & Zucc.. Candollea 50:411-430
Basic chromosome number	8
Chromosome number 2n	42
Chromosome number (Germany)	False
Most common chromosome race	False
Ploidy level	5 (pentaploid)
Ploidy type	P (polyploid with haploid basic number)
Reference	Goldblatt, P., Johnson, D.E. 1998: Index to plant chromosome numbers 1994-1995. Monographs in Systematic Botany 69:1-208

group of traits: Phylogeny »

Phylogeny code »
Phylogeny code	BBBBBBBBBABBBBBBABBB

group of traits: Morphology »

Life form »
Life form	C (Chamaephyte)
Qualifier	always [1]
Life span »
Life span	p (pluriennial-pollakanthic)
Qualifier	always [1]
Vegetative propagation »
Vegetative propagation	a (Runner)
Qualifier	always [1]
Storage organs »
Storage organs	a (Runner)
Qualifier	always [1]
Shoot metamorphoses »
Shoot metamorphoses	a (Runner)
Qualifier	always [1]
Rosettes »
Rosettes	r (Erosulate plant)
Qualifier	always [1]

group of traits: Leaf traits »

Leaf persistence »
Leaf persistence	s (summer green)
Leaf anatomy »
Leaf anatomy	m (mesomorphic)
Leaf anatomy	y (hygromorphic)
Leaf form »
Leaf form	norm (simple)

group of traits: Flowering phenology »

Flowering phenology »
Begin of flowering (months)	4
End of flowering (months)	5
Duration of flowering (months)	2
Number of flowering phases	0
Symphenological Groups »
Phenological group	0 (not available) Phenological season: not available
Reference	Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560

group of traits: Floral and reproductive biology »

Type of reproduction »
Type of reproduction	sv (by seed and vegetatively)
Reference	Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn
Type of seed production »
Type of seed production	s (amphimictic, sexual)
Reference	Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dicliny »
Dicliny	do (dioecious)
Abundance	the rule [2]
Reference	Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Dichogamy »
Dichogamy	g2 (protogynous)
Reference	Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Pollen vector »
Pollen vector	wi (wind) Pollen vector group: ab (abiotische Bestäubung)
Abundance	the rule [2]
Reference	Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Systematic reference	species [S]
Breeding system »
Breeding system	X (allogamous)
Reference	Holderegger, R., Stehlik, I. 1999: Sibmating in a small, isolated population of the dioecious plant species Mercurialis ovata. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 27:681-685
Floral rewards »
Floral rewards	1 (nectar)
Reference	Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig
Amount of floral reward	1 (none)
Flower color »
Flower colour	yellow green, green
Basic flower colour	gr (green)
Reference	Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin
Flower class after MUELLER »
Flower class after MUELLER	W (wind flowers) Typical pollinators: -
Flower type after KUGLER »
Flower type after KUGLER	0 (not applicable)

group of traits: Seed traits »

Fruit type »
Fruit type	Ka (capsule)
Diaspore type »
Diaspore type	S (seed)
Germinule type »
Heteromorphic type	n (not heteromorphic)
Germinule type	S (seed)
Information available	False
Development of nutritious appendages
Development of flat appendages
Development of elongated appendages
Development of additional appendages
Sizes »
Measured object	Germinule
Type of germinule or diaspore	S (seed)
Constraint	False
Heteromorphic type	n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm]
Length (mean) [mm]	2.5
Length (maximum) [mm]
Width (minimum) [mm]
Width (mean) [mm]
Width (maximum) [mm]
Height (minimum) [mm]
Height (mean) [mm]
Height (maximum) [mm]
Measured object	Diaspore
Type of germinule or diaspore	S (seed)
Constraint	False
Heteromorphic type	n (not heteromorphic)
Length (minimum) [mm]
Length (mean) [mm]	2.5
Length (maximum) [mm]
Width (minimum) [mm]
Width (mean) [mm]
Width (maximum) [mm]
Height (minimum) [mm]
Height (mean) [mm]
Height (maximum) [mm]
special references:
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
Anderberg, A.L. 1994: Atlas of seeds and small fruits of Northwest-European plant species with morphological descriptions. - Part 4 (Resedaceae - Umbelliferae). Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm (Gattung)
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
Cremer, J., Partzsch, M., Zimmermann, M., Schwär, C., Goltz, H. 1991: Acker- und Gartenwildkräuter: ein Bestimmungsbuch. . Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag, Berlin. (Gattung)
Hanf, M. 1984: Ackerunkräuter Europas mit ihren Keimlingen und Samen. . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Wien, Zürich. (Gattung)
Lisci, M., Bianchini, M., Pacini, E. 1996: Structure and function of the elaiosome in some angiosperm species. Flora 191:141 (Gattung)
Luftensteiner, H.W. 1982: Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungssbiologie von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheca Botanica 135:1-68 (Gattung)
Pacini, E. 1990: Mercurialis annua L. (Euphorbiaceae) seed interactions with the ant Messor structor (Latr.), Hymenoptera: Formicidae. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 39:253-262 (Gattung)

group of traits: Ecological strategy »

Strategy type »
Strategy type	cs (competitors/stress-tolerators)

group of traits: Range »

Floristic zone and altitudinal level »
Floristic zone	e (submeridional)
Altitudinal level
Status	natural range
Floristic zone	p (southern temperate)
Altitudinal level
Status	natural range
Number of inhabited floristic zones »
Number of inhabited floristic zones	2
Oceanity »
Oceanity	so (suboceanic) Amplitude of Oceanity: 3 Minimum level of oceantity: continental climate Maximum level of oceantity: extreme oceanic climate
Status	natural range
Floristic region »
Floristic region	e (Europe) Continent of floristic region: e (Europa)
Status	natural range

group of traits: Hemeroby »

Hemeroby »
Hemeroby	o (oligohemerobic)
Hemeroby	m (mesohemerobic)
Number of hemerobic levels »
Number of hemerobic levels	2

group of traits: Urbanity »

Urbanity »
Urbanity	1 (urbanophobic)

group of traits: Habitats »

Habitat »
Habitat	T1.1.1.4 (null) Alliance: Cephalanthero-Fagenion
Occurrence questionable	False
Occurence restricted	False
Annotation

group of traits: Sociology »

Class »
English circumscription	09.5 (Blackthorn and buckthorn shrubs) Class: Rhamno-Prunetea spinosae
English circumscription	10.2 (Mesophilous, summer-green deciduous forests) Class: Carpino-Fagetea
English circumscription	10.4 (Thermophilous dry oak forests) Class: Quercetea pubescentis-petraeae

groups of traits for this species

Flowering phenology »

Floral and reproductive biology »

Seed traits »

Ecological strategy »

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