species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Huds. s. str. |
Gentianaceae » |
Durchwachsener Bitterling
|
reference |
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
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Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Huds. |
accepted |
Chlora perfoliata (L.) L. |
Synonym |
Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Huds., s. l. p. p. |
Synonym |
Gentiana perfoliata L. |
Basionym |
Blackstonia perfoliata subsp. perfoliata |
Synonym |
|
Chromosome number » |
Basic chromosome number |
10 |
Chromosome number 2n |
40 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
4 (tetraploid) |
Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
Basic chromosome number |
11 |
Chromosome number 2n |
44 |
Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
Most common chromosome race |
False |
Ploidy level |
|
Ploidy type |
R (palaeopolyploid; polyploid basic number) |
Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
DNA content » |
DNA content (pg/2C) |
2.9 |
Chromosome number |
44 |
Quality |
chromosome number known and occurring in Germany [b] |
Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345 |
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Life form » |
Life form |
T (Therophyte) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Life span » |
Life span |
a (annual) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes » |
Rosettes |
r (Erosulate plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
Qualifier |
always [1] |
special references:
|
Schaeppi, H. 1969: Über die Gestaltung der Sprosse bei einigen einheimischen Gentianaceen. Viertelj. schr. naturforsch. Ges. Zrich 114:1-27
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Salisbury, E. 1952: Downs and dunes. Their plant life and its environment. Bells & Sons, London
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Flowering phenology » |
Begin of flowering (months) |
6 |
End of flowering (months) |
8 |
Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
Number of flowering phases |
0 |
Symphenological Groups » |
Phenological group |
0 (not available) Phenological season: not available |
Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
Type of reproduction » |
Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
Reference |
Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn |
Type of seed production » |
Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: Sexuelle Samenproduktion, da keine Apomikten in Gattung bekannt |
Dicliny » |
Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: pers. obs. |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: SC, da idR Selbstbestäubt, Kleistogam... |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Pollen vector » |
Pollen vector |
se (selfing) Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
Abundance |
the rule [2] |
Reference |
Lumaret, R., Guillerm, J.L., Maillet, J., Verlaque, R. 1997: Plant species diversity and polyploidy in islands of natural vegetation isolated in extensive cultivated lands. Biodiversity and Conservation 6:591-613 |
Systematic reference |
species [S] |
Breeding system » |
Breeding system |
AO (autogamous) |
Reference |
Lumaret, R., Guillerm, J.L., Maillet, J., Verlaque, R. 1997: Plant species diversity and polyploidy in islands of natural vegetation isolated in extensive cultivated lands. Biodiversity and Conservation 6:591-613 |
Flower color » |
Flower colour |
golden yellow |
Basic flower colour |
g (yellow) |
Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
Flower colour |
yellow |
Basic flower colour |
g (yellow) |
Reference |
Bayer, E., Buttler, K.P., Finkenzeller, X., Grau, J.Steinbach, G. (Hrsg.) 1987: Pflanzen des Mittelmeerraumes. Mosaik-Verlag, München |
Flower class after MUELLER » |
Flower class after MUELLER |
B (flowers with totally hidden nectar) Typical pollinators: bees, bumblebees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids |
Flower type after KUGLER » |
Flower type after KUGLER |
4.2 (stalk disc flowers, stamina and pistil outside tube) |
|
Fruit type » |
Fruit type |
Ka (capsule) |
Diaspore type » |
Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
Germinule type » |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Germinule type |
S (seed) |
Information available |
True |
Development of nutritious appendages |
|
Development of flat appendages |
|
Development of elongated appendages |
|
Development of additional appendages |
|
Weights » |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.0 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.0 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.0 |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.0 |
Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.0 |
Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.0 |
Sizes » |
Measured object |
Germinule |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
0.3 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
0.4 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
0.4 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
|
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.2 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
|
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.1 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.2 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.2 |
Measured object |
Diaspore |
Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
Constraint |
False |
Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
Length (minimum) [mm] |
0.3 |
Length (mean) [mm] |
0.4 |
Length (maximum) [mm] |
0.4 |
Width (minimum) [mm] |
|
Width (mean) [mm] |
0.2 |
Width (maximum) [mm] |
|
Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.1 |
Height (mean) [mm] |
0.2 |
Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.2 |
special references:
|
Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
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Habitat » |
Habitat |
L3.3.7.3 (null) Alliance: ???
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
|
Habitat |
T6.2.2.2.3 (null) Alliance: Bromion erecti
|
Occurrence questionable |
False |
Occurence restricted |
False |
Annotation |
lückig |
|
Class » |
English circumscription |
02.1 (Communities of dwarf rushes) Class: Isoeto-Nanojuncetea bufonii
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English circumscription |
05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands) Class: Festuco-Brometea
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English circumscription |
05.4 (Commercially used grasslands) Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
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