| species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
| BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
| Centaurium erythraea Rafn |
Gentianaceae » |
Echtes Tausendgüldenkraut
|
| reference |
|
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
| Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
| Centaurium erythraea Rafn |
accepted |
| Centaurium erythraea var. capitatum (Willd. ex Cham.) Melderis |
Synonym |
| Erythraea capitata Willd. |
Synonym |
| Centaurium capitatum (Willd. ex Cham.) Borbás |
Synonym |
| Centaurium minus , auct., non Moench |
Synonym |
| Centaurium umbellatum , auct., non Gilib. |
Synonym |
| Erythraea centaurium , auct. |
Synonym |
| Centaurium minus agg. |
Synonym |
| >Centaurium erythraea subsp. erythraea |
accepted |
|
| Chromosome number » |
| Basic chromosome number |
10 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
40 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
4 (tetraploid) |
| Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
| Basic chromosome number |
10 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
42 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
True |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
|
| Ploidy type |
|
| Reference |
Oberdorfer, E. 1983: Pflanzensoziologische Exkursionsflora. Ulmer, Stuttgart |
|
| DNA content » |
| DNA content (pg/2C) |
2.5 |
| Chromosome number |
40 |
| Quality |
chromosome number missing in original source; the most common number was added [f] |
| Authorised in BENNET & LEITCH 2001 |
True |
| Reference |
Bennett, M.D., Smith, J.S. 1991: Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B 334:309-345 |
|
| Life form » |
| Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life form |
T (Therophyte) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life span » |
| Life span |
a (annual) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life span |
b (biennial) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Rosettes » |
| Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| special references:
|
| Schaeppi, H. 1969: Über die Gestaltung der Sprosse bei einigen einheimischen Gentianaceen. Viertelj. schr. naturforsch. Ges. Zrich 114:1-27
|
| Hensen, I. 1997: Life strategies of xerothermic grasslands - mechanisms of reproduction and colonization within Stipetum capillatae s.l. and Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati. Feddes Repertorium 108:425-452
|
| Schat, H., Ouborg, J., de Wit, R. 1989: Life history and plant architecture: size-dependent reproductive allocation in annual and biennial Centaurium species. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 38:183-201
|
| Salisbury, E. 1952: Downs and dunes. Their plant life and its environment. Bells & Sons, London
|
|
| Flowering phenology » |
| Begin of flowering (months) |
7 |
| End of flowering (months) |
9 |
| Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
| Number of flowering phases |
0 |
| Symphenological Groups » |
| Phenological group |
8 (Clematis vitalba-Galium sylvaticum-Phase)
Phenological season: midsummer |
| Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
| Type of reproduction » |
| Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
| Reference |
Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn |
| Type of seed production » |
| Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dicliny » |
| Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dichogamy » |
| Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
| Reference |
Ubsdell, R.A.E. 1979: Studies on variation and evolution in Centaurium erythraea Rafn. and C. littorale (D. Turner) Gilmour in the British Isles. 3: Breeding systems, floral biology and general discussion. Watsonia 12:225-232 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector » |
| Pollen vector |
se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
the rule [2] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector |
in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
possible [5] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Breeding system » |
| Breeding system |
AF (facultative autogamous) |
| Reference |
Anmerkung 2002: vgl. Klassifizierungsschema Abb. |
| Floral rewards » |
| Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Amount of floral reward |
1 (none) |
| Flower color » |
| Flower colour |
pink |
| Basic flower colour |
ro (pink) |
| Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
| UV reflection of the flower » |
| UV reflection in the periphery of the flower |
4 (28-39 %) |
| UV reflection in the centre of the flower |
4 (28-39 %) |
| UV reflection pattern |
1 (UV reflectance pattern present) |
| Flower class after MUELLER » |
| Flower class after MUELLER |
B (flowers with totally hidden nectar)
Typical pollinators: bees, bumblebees, wasps, bombylides, syrphids |
| Flower type after KUGLER » |
| Flower type after KUGLER |
4.2 (stalk disc flowers, stamina and pistil outside tube) |
|
| Fruit type » |
| Fruit type |
Ka (capsule) |
| Diaspore type » |
| Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
| Germinule type » |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Germinule type |
S (seed) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
|
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| Weights » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.0 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.0 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.0 |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Weight (minimum) [mg] |
0.0 |
| Weight (mean) [mg] |
0.0 |
| Weight (maximum) [mg] |
0.0 |
| Sizes » |
| Measured object |
Germinule |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
0.3 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
0.4 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
0.3 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
0.3 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.2 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.2 |
| Measured object |
Diaspore |
| Type of germinule or diaspore |
S (seed) |
| Constraint |
False |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Length (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
| Length (mean) [mm] |
0.3 |
| Length (maximum) [mm] |
0.4 |
| Width (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
| Width (mean) [mm] |
0.3 |
| Width (maximum) [mm] |
0.3 |
| Height (minimum) [mm] |
0.2 |
| Height (mean) [mm] |
0.2 |
| Height (maximum) [mm] |
0.2 |
| special references:
|
| Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
| Grime, J.P., Mason, G., Curtis, A.V., Rodman, J., Band, S.R., Mowforth, M.A., Neal, A.M., Shaw, S. 1981: A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017-1069 (Gattung)
|
| Grime, J.P., Hodgson, J.G., Hunt, R. 1988: Comparative Plant Ecology. Unwin Hyman, London (Gattung)
|
| Briemle, G. 1996: Farbatlas Kräuter und Gräser. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Gattung)
|
| Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
|
| Grassland utilization indicator values » |
| Occurrence |
W (forest edges and related ecotones) |
| Guild |
K (forb) |
| Mowing tolerance |
3 (sensitive to mowing) |
| Grazing tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to grazing)) |
| Trampling tolerance |
2 (between 1 and 3 (intolerant to sensitive to trampling)) |
| Foraging value |
2 (no or little forage value) |
| Foraging value for deer |
|
|
| Habitat » |
| Habitat |
T2.2.2 (null)
Alliance: Atropion belladonnae
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T6.2.1.5 (null)
Alliance: Nardetalia strictae
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T6.2.2.2.3 (null)
Alliance: Bromion erecti
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
| Habitat |
T6.2.2.4.2 (null)
Alliance: Koelerion albescentis
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
|
|
| Class » |
| English circumscription |
05.3 (Fescue-brome communities of dry and semi-dry grasslands)
Class: Festuco-Brometea
|
| English circumscription |
05.6 (Acidic mat-grass communities)
Class: Nardetea strictae
|
| English circumscription |
07.1 (Thermophilous and mesophilous forest grassland ecotones)
Class: Trifolio-Geranietea sanguinei
|
| English circumscription |
07.4 (Communities of clear-felled areas)
Class: Epilobietea angustifolii
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