| species information (Systematics, BiolFlor-Names, Status) |
| BiolFlor-Name |
family |
german name(s) |
| Gentianella amarella (L.) Börner s. str. |
Gentianaceae » |
Bitterer Fransenenzian
|
| reference |
|
Kühn, I., Klotz, S. 2002: Systematik, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur. In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.): BIOLFLOR - Eine Datenbank mit biologisch-ökologischen Merkmalen zur Flora von Deutschland. Schriftenreihe für Vegetationskunde. Bonn »
|
|
| Synonymy (taxonomy after Wisskirchen & Haeupler, 1998) |
| Gentianella amarella (L.) Börner |
accepted |
| Gentiana lingulata C. Agardh |
Synonym |
| Gentiana livonica (Ledeb.) Griseb. |
Synonym |
| Gentiana amarella L., s. str. |
Basionym |
| Gentiana amarella subsp. axillaris (F. W. Schmidt) Murb. |
Synonym |
| Gentiana axillaris (F. W. Schmidt) Rchb. |
Synonym |
| Hippion axillare F. W. Schmidt |
Synonym |
| Gentiana amarella subsp. amarella , s. str. |
Synonym |
| Gentiana amarella var. livonica Ledeb. |
Synonym |
| Gentianella livonica (Ledeb.) Soó |
Synonym |
| Gentiana amarella subsp. amarella , s. l. |
Synonym |
| <Gentianella amarella agg. |
accepted |
| <Gentianella amarella - group |
Synonym |
| <Gentiana amarella L., s. l. |
Synonym |
|
| Chromosome number » |
| Basic chromosome number |
9 |
| Chromosome number 2n |
36 |
| Chromosome number (Germany) |
False |
| Most common chromosome race |
False |
| Ploidy level |
4 (tetraploid) |
| Ploidy type |
P (polyploid with haploid basic number) |
| Reference |
Rothmaler, W. 1990: Exkursionsflora. Band 4, Kritischer Band. 8. Aufl., Verlag Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
|
| Life form » |
| Life form |
H (Hemicryptophyte) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Life form |
T (Therophyte) |
| Qualifier |
sometimes [2] |
| Life span » |
| Life span |
a (annual) |
| Qualifier |
sometimes [2] |
| Life span |
b (biennial) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| Rosettes » |
| Rosettes |
h (Hemirosette plant) |
| Qualifier |
always [1] |
| special references:
|
| Kelly, D. 1989: Demography of short-lived plants in chalk grassland. I. Life cycle variation in annuals and strict biennials. Journal of Ecology 77:747-769
|
| Kelly, D. 1985: On strict and facultative biennials. Oecologia (Berlin) 67:292-294
|
| Pritchard, N.M. 1972: Where have all the gentians gone?. Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. 41:279-291
|
| Salisbury, E. 1952: Downs and dunes. Their plant life and its environment. Bells & Sons, London
|
|
| Flowering phenology » |
| Begin of flowering (months) |
8 |
| End of flowering (months) |
10 |
| Duration of flowering (months) |
3 |
| Number of flowering phases |
0 |
| Symphenological Groups » |
| Phenological group |
0 (not available)
Phenological season: not available |
| Reference |
Dierschke, H 1995: Phänologische und symphänologische Artengruppen von Blütenpflanzen in Mitteleuropa. Tuexenia 15: 523-560 |
|
| Type of reproduction » |
| Type of reproduction |
s (by seed/by spore) |
| Reference |
Krumbiegel, A. 2002: Morphologie der vegetativen Organe (außer Blätter). In: Klotz, S., Kühn, I., Durka, W. (Hrsg.) BiolFlor - Biologisch-ökologische Daten zur Flora Deutschlands, S. 1-2, Bonn |
| Type of seed production » |
| Type of seed production |
s (amphimictic, sexual) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dicliny » |
| Dicliny |
so (hermaphroditic) |
| Abundance |
always [1] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Dichogamy » |
| Dichogamy |
h (homogamous) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility » |
| Self-sterility and self-incompatibility |
SC (self-compatibel) |
| Reference |
Petanidou, T., Ellis-Adam, A.C., den Nijs, J.C.M., Oostermeijer, J.G.B. 1998: Pollination ecology of Gentianella uliginosa, a rare annual of the Dutch coastal dunes. Nordic Journal of Botany 18:537-548 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector » |
| Pollen vector |
se (selfing)
Pollen vector group: se (Selbstbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
the rule [2] |
| Reference |
Luijten, S.H., Oostermeijer, J.G.B., Ellis-Adam, A.C., den Nijs, J.C.M. 1998: Reproductive biology of the rare biennial Gentianella germanica compared with other gentians of different life history. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 47:325-336 |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Pollen vector |
in (insects)
Pollen vector group: zo (Tierbestäubung) |
| Abundance |
the rule [2] |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Systematic reference |
species [S] |
| Breeding system » |
| Breeding system |
AO (autogamous) |
| Reference |
Luijten, S.H., Oostermeijer, J.G.B., Ellis-Adam, A.C., den Nijs, J.C.M. 1998: Reproductive biology of the rare biennial Gentianella germanica compared with other gentians of different life history. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 47:325-336 |
| Floral rewards » |
| Floral rewards |
1 (nectar) |
| Reference |
Knuth, P. 1898: Handbuch der Blütenbiologie. Leipzig |
| Amount of floral reward |
3 (present) |
| Flower color » |
| Flower colour |
reddish lilac |
| Basic flower colour |
vi (violet) |
| Reference |
Schubert, R., Jäger, E.J., Werner, K. (Hrsg.) 1987: Exkursionsflora Band 3. Atlas der Gefäßpflanzen. 6. Aufl., Volk und Wissen, Berlin |
| Flower class after MUELLER » |
| Flower class after MUELLER |
HhF (transition type bumble bee flowers - butterfly flowers)
Typical pollinators: bumblebees, lepidoptera |
| Flower type after KUGLER » |
| Flower type after KUGLER |
2.1 (funnel flowers, large) |
|
| Fruit type » |
| Fruit type |
Ka (capsule) |
| Diaspore type » |
| Diaspore type |
S (seed) |
| Germinule type » |
| Heteromorphic type |
n (not heteromorphic) |
| Germinule type |
S (seed) |
| Information available |
True |
| Development of nutritious appendages |
|
| Development of flat appendages |
|
| Development of elongated appendages |
|
| Development of additional appendages |
|
| special references:
|
| Beijerink, W. 1947: Zadenatlas der Nederlandsche Flora. Biol. Stat. Wijster, Wageningen (Gattung)
|
| Brouwer, W., Stählin, A. 1955: Handbuch der Samenkunde. DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt/Main (Gattung)
|
| Vogler, P. 1901: Ueber die Verbreitungsmittel der schweizerischen Alpenpflanzen. Flora 89 (Ergänzungsband zum Jg.1901):1-137 (Gattung)
|
| Heinisch, O. 1955: Samenatlas der wichtigsten Futterpflanzen und ihrer Unkräuter. Deutsche Akad. Landwirtsch.-Wiss., Berlin (Gattung)
|
|
| Grassland utilization indicator values » |
| Occurrence |
GE (little used grasslands) |
| Guild |
K (forb) |
| Mowing tolerance |
4 (between 3 and 5 (sensitive to moderately tolerant to mowing)) |
| Grazing tolerance |
5 (moderately tolerant to grazing) |
| Trampling tolerance |
3 (sensitive to trampling) |
| Foraging value |
2 (no or little forage value) |
| Foraging value for deer |
|
|
| Habitat » |
| Habitat |
T7.3 (null)
Alliance: Monilietalia coeruleae
|
| Occurrence questionable |
False |
| Occurence restricted |
False |
| Annotation |
moorig |
|
| Class » |
| English circumscription |
05.4 (Commercially used grasslands)
Class: Molinio-Arrhenatheretea
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